nds lcd monitors free sample

The EndoVue product line is a medical visualization system capable of displaying multiple image modalities and designed for minimally invasive surgery. The NDS 32″ EndoVue HD LED Surgical Display (90K0080) has a robust, lightweight, flexible input design enabling easy physical installation, while proprietary factory color-calibration ensures reliable, consistent, realistic image reproduction instantly. NDS 32″ EndoVue HD LED Surgical Display (90K0080) offers high-definition, featuring high brightness, high resolution, exceptional contrast, and true color reproduction with unsurpassed quality image.

4 MB of PSRAM using a 16-bit bus: A slower type, available from either CPU and it’s controlled by a memory interface unit.Pseudo SRAM or ‘PSRAM’ is a variant of DRAM that, by contrast, performs refreshes from within the chip. Therefore, behaving like SRAM (the faster, but more expensive alternative to DRAM). This design reminds me of 1T‑SRAM.

Let me start with the ARM9, this CPU runs at twice the speed of the ARM7, but most (if not all) of the I/O depends on the ARM7, so the ARM9 is vulnerable to excessive stalling until the ARM7 answers. If that wasn’t enough, ARM9’s external bus runs at half the speed, so there are a few bottlenecks identified.

Let’s begin with the physical attributes: The Nintendo DS contains two LCD screens, each one being 256x192 pixels wide, which is ~20% more pixels than the GBA. They can display 262,144 colours (18-bit) and refresh at ~60 Hz.

Before we discuss the different modes the 2D engine can operate to generate backgrounds, let me show you this list which specifies the types of backgrounds the engine can generate:Character type group: These background types follow the traditional tile system, the frame is rendered by filling it with tiles.Static or ‘Text’ background: An ordinary background. Up to 512x512 pixels wide, 256 colours and 16 palettes. It includes all the typical effects (H/V flipping, H/V scrolling, mosaic, alpha blending) plus an extra ‘fading’ effect. Up to 1024 tiles can be used.

If you played with a Nintendo DS before, you know by now that this console can display a particular amount of 3D graphics. Unlike some GBA games, these aren’t processed by the CPU. Instead, CPU-NTR includes two components that compose the 3D engine. Curiously enough, the design Nintendo applied reminds me to SGI’s RCP.

Anyway, this engine is commanded using a Command FIFO which is filled with data from the CPU or DMA. The FIFO stores 256 entries, yet it’s complemented by another buffer called PIPE that stores four more commands (giving a total of 260).

Without the traditional frame buffer, the rasterizer employs scan-line rendering, traversing each scan-line to process polygon edges found within. Arisotura (the developer of MelonDS emulator) reported that for each quadrangle, the renderer can only fill one span per scan-line

So, to explain what’s happening here, I’ve organised the different explanations based on what some people said on forums:NDS’ textures look more blocky → The rendering engine does not employ any filter, so textures are interpolated using the ‘nearest neighbour’ approach.

NDS’ textures look richer → The rendering engine is not limited by a 4 KB TMEM, there’s instead up to 512 KB of VRAM available (apart from compression mechanisms provided) so naturally more data can be loaded.

NDS’ textures look distorted when seen from a distance → The rasterizer operates fixed-point coordinates. Low resolution and lack of mip-mapping also attribute to aliasing.

You see, the mixer’s output frequency rate is 32 kHz with a resolution of 10-bit (considerably lower than the quality of the samples fed). Furthermore, it does not perform any form of interpolation to smooth out the loss of precision. These restrictions are not ideal for samples, as it adds noise. Though the actual perception of this phenomenon depends on your auditory capacity (I don’t notice the ‘hiss’ unless I boost the volume and compare it with a 16-bit version side-by-side), besides, it’s still a step forward coming from software-mixed samples with 8-bit resolution. Conversely, the aliasing effect is more problematic with PSG sounds, as downsampling the signal may introduce erroneous harmonics which distorts the original PSG tone. Nevertheless, games like New Super Mario Bros. happily make use of pulse waves for accompaniment, so I wouldn’t consider the PSG completely useless.

Be as it may, I had to boost the gain of the GBA soundtrack a little bit to normalise the loudness, which tends to affect the signal-to-noise ratio (just something to bear in mind while you switch between the two). Anyway, I hope you got a sense of how the sound subsystem has evolved.

As you can hear from the first example (especially in the last 10 seconds), it’s a bit hard to compete with the features that the SNES’ S-SMP provided.

Now, here’s the important bit: DS cards are not memory-mapped, so for either CPU to read game data, the content must be copied to RAM first. This is done by sending to the cartridge blocks of 8-bit commands referencing 32-bit addresses. Afterwards, the data can be manually retrieved by pulling it from a 32-bit register or through DMA. The data bus is 8-bit wide but can reach speeds of up to 5.96 MB/sec (as claimed by Nintendo).

The ‘backup’ chip used for saves (i.e. EEPROM, FLASH or FRAM) is accessed through an SPI bus (serial) which uses its own set of commands and it’s connected to a 24-bit address bus.

I guess it’s safe to say that by this generation every console now comes bundled with some sort of interactive interface. The NDS still inherits the previous operating system model consisting in lightweight APIs to simplify I/O access, but also provides a minimal user interface to tweak some settings and fiddle with some of its ‘apps’.

After running the boot code, both CPUs will synchronise so they can start acting as a ‘single machine’: It turns out the ARM9 finishes loading way before the ARM7, so the ARM9 sends a 4-bit value to the ARM7, stalls on a semi-endless loop waiting for the ARM7 to respond and once it does, both ‘cross the finish line’ at the same time, that is to say, they are now in-sync.

GBA or ‘Slot-2’ cartridge: This slot enables the console to play GameBoy Advance games natively and, since Slot-1 games can also access this origin, expansion cartridges can be plugged in to enhance NDS games. These provide things like more RAM, more input controls or feedback devices (i.e. rumble pack).

Download Play or ‘Wireless MultiBoot’: This is an evolved version of the original Multi-Boot which enables another console with an NDS game to upload a program using Wireless communication. The downloaded content is stored in WRAM and booted after the transfer finishes. Since WRAM is volatile, the data will be lost on shut down.Authorised retail stores used this function to deploy Download Stations, where users were invited to download game demos as part of their visit to the store.

You’ve seen that the BIOS requires to be split up with separate code for ARM9 and ARM7, this is pretty much what also happens with games. Thus, NDS cards are structured in the following areas:Header (4 KB): Contains the metadata (location of each executable, serial numbers, etc).

The software kit included utilities for interacting with the devkit, the C/C++ toolchains and the hardware APIs. One point to mention is that the docs are explicit in forbidding any circumvention of their APIs to access the hardware directly: Even though games will run on bare metal, Nintendo won’t approve their distribution if it executes ‘prohibited’ operations. This includes controlling the ARM7 directly, exceeding display resolution or turning off the LCDs.

The ‘Header’ area of the card contains a value called Gamecode (the unique identifier of the game), the memory interface grabs this block to generate the KEY1 and uses it to encrypt further commands sent to the card. KEY1 encryption is based on the Blowfish algorithm.

As we’ve seen before, the BIOS includes some routines that validate the NDS card upon startup. This works as follows:The console retrieves the chip ID of the cartridge, saves it on RAM and then proceeds to enable KEY1 encryption.

The second test consists in retrieving the chip ID again and encrypting it with KEY2 a random amount of times (the seed depends on the internal clock). If the value of chip ID matches the first chip ID stored, the second test passed.

Because the GBA subsystem still executes cartridges without any protection implemented (aside from trademark tricks), existing GBA flashcarts were still compatible with the NDS. This enabled to run GBA homebrew, which worked fine if you didn’t mind missing out on all the new functionality exclusive to DS games.

After more clandestine research was conducted on the DS BIOS and firmware, it was ultimately discovered that the execution of an NDS card could be redirected to the GBA slot. The NDS card wasn’t cracked yet, but this method allowed to provisionally bypass the security system of Slot-1 cards and execute Slot-2 programs in DS mode.

I would also like to thank friends and the MelonDS community for taking the time to check out the draft and pointing out lots of corrections. The Nintendo DS allowed me to mention many topics I’ve been interested in writing about for a while and I was afraid I would end up biting off more than I could chew, but hopefully you’ve enjoyed this article.

As of today, the melonDS project is 6 years old. For this occasion, we present you this special version of the melonDS logo, recolored to the same pretty sky-blue color as 6 itself:

Regardless, these 6 years are a great success. Back in 2016, when I started working on melonDS, I was mostly just making it to have fun and pass time until my job started. I had absolutely no idea the project would go on for so long, and be as much of a success as it has been. So, first of all, I want to thank all the comrades who have helped make this possible. The melonDS team and other contributors. nocash and his great documentation. Everybody else who has been involved in reverse-engineering the DS/DSi hardware, cracking the DSi security, etc... And of course, everybody who has been using melonDS, testing games in it, reporting issues, suggesting improvements, etc...

And, of course, the birthday present. There"s only one, but it"s a big one. We bring you melonDS 0.9.5, and if you"ve been following the blog lately, you know it"s going to be big.

DSi support in melonDS has been getting to a pretty good state lately. Basically, the only remaining "big" thing to deal with is DSP support. The rest is mostly bugfixes, implementing misc features (hi, power button), etc, you get the idea. Plus, an aging cart for the DSi has been discovered, which will help implement and test the DSi features more thoroughly than commercial games do. And then there are the various quality-of-life improvements that come to mind, like not requiring BIOS/firmware/NAND dumps...

PoroCYon had integrated teakra into melonDS in an attempt at bringing DSP emulation. It didn"t work, but it was atleast a pretty good base. I had tried quickly fixing a couple bugs in it, with no real success. I wasn"t really looking forward to having to debug DSP code, either, to be honest.

The crash happens when trying to dereference a particular pointer, because it is NULL. During startup, the main thread will allocate some memory, then run a bunch of initialization, then initialize that pointer. During the initialization, it sends an IPC request to the ARM7 to determine whether headphones are connected. While it waits for the ARM7 to respond, another thread runs, which does some other initialization, sends other IPC requests to the ARM7 (to get the date/time and battery status), then tries to do things with the aforementioned pointer, which is expected to have been initialized by now.

We"re in the process of getting melonDS ready for a 0.9.5 release. That means, while Generic is working on fixing up OpenGL rendering on desktop, I"m free to go and finish some other fun things.

I added some tidbits of wifi emulation (for example, the Inazuma Eleven games use WEP during local multiplayer, so I had to implement enough of that to make them work), but most notably, I worked on the UI side of this feature. No more opening melonDS instances from different folders, MAC randomization, and other awkward workarounds. Now melonDS is able to detect when coexisting with other melonDS instances, and makes sure to save things like user settings, save file, etc, to separate files. For example, that makes it possible to configure each instance to use its own joystick.

Regarding local multiplayer, the BSD socket interface is going byebye. This means it"s no longer possible to play over LAN (not that it has ever really worked). But we plan to implement netplay for melonDS 1.0, so that will make up for it. It should even work better, in that the connection will be more reliable, but due to having to emulate all the participating consoles on every user"s computer, it will be more demanding (although testing has shown that any decent computer can handle atleast two melonDS instances at fullspeed).

I"m also going to debate the direction to take now with the rest of the melonDS team. There will be a second season to this saga, and it will be about implementing netplay. The results of all this wifi work are well beyond my original expectations, and now we have big ideas and hopes for this. But first, I want to take a collective decision about whether to make a release before season 2, whether to go straight for melonDS 1.0, these things. Stable local multiplayer was one of the must-haves for melonDS 1.0, but that"s not all there is.

In this case, it was related to the power-down registers. The game code may regularly decide to stop and restart the wifi hardware to reset some of its state, and I found out that sometimes that would happen while a frame was being received, which caused a bunch of problems in melonDS.

Implementing that into melonDS didn"t fix the issue with NSMB minigames, but it helped make local-multiplayer connections more stable overall, for example the slowdowns I had observed in MvsL seem to be gone now. Then I also fixed the issue with the minigames, which happened to be caused by some leftover code that was bad and no longer needed.

For melonDS, there are three horsemen of apocalypse. Over the years, we have been able to deal with nearly everything the DS has thrown at us, but there are three main categories of long-standing issues: timing issues, precision errors in the OpenGL renderer, and local multiplayer.

And I certainly did deal a blow to that horseman back in 2017 when a working local multiplayer connection was emulated for the first time, but of course it wasn"t going to be all. While the connection worked, it was always finicky, and getting it to work was a bit like voodoo magic. After melonDS 0.4 was released, melonDS changed from being a mere curiosity to being "the wifi emulator", and many people came in for that feature. And we just kept telling them to disable their framerate limiter, pray, sacrifice a goat or two to the wifi deities, and hope things will work.

It was certainly substandard for melonDS. One of the main reasons why it stayed that way for long was, besides having to work on other fronts, that it was a precarious position of equilibrium. Any attempts at improving wifi emulation resulted in a more unstable connection. I thought it would take an overhaul of how the connection is emulated to make it work reliably, but I always had that fear of putting much time and effort into it only to get terrible results, so the status quo was maintained. But you know how it is: when making your emulation more accurate gives worse results, it means you"re missing something else. After 5 years of business, we"re no stranger to this.

But, of course, that"s with well-behaving games, where everybody sends their packets as they should and everything is good. While we were testing other games, it appeared to us that there are... cursed games. Tetris DS and Mario Kart DS, for example, have exhibited intense lag while trying to get a multiplayer game going.

I looked at what was going on in Tetris DS. The lag is caused by the host hitting the timeout when waiting for incoming client replies, because sometimes the client isn"t sending any reply at all. It was egregious because I set the timeout to a ridiculous value (500 milliseconds) to make sure everything would get through reliably. A lower timeout reduces the lag in this situation, but also increases the chance of missing incoming packets when we need them, so this is essentially a compromise (we might end up making the timeout user-configurable).

But, why are we not receiving replies from the client to begin with? In a previous post, I have mentioned that the DS, when it acts as a multiplayer client, always replies to CMD frames, even when no reply frame is configured, and melonDS emulates this behavior too.

Instead, I built a data exchange system based on shared memory. The idea is simple: have a large block of memory shared between all melonDS instances, where you have a FIFO buffer for exchanging wifi packets, another FIFO buffer for exchanging sync points, and a small header containing some useful status bits. Then each instance has a set of semaphores that other instances can use to signal when new packets or sync points are sent. All fine and dandy.

Overall, this gives much better performance than the previous iteration: NSMB multiplayer reaches near-fullspeed on my laptop Crepe, and that"s with the interpreter. There are still issues to iron out, but this gives me hope that we can pull off fun multiplayer features in melonDS.

The Nintendo DS (ニンテンドーDS, Nintendō DS?, sometimes abbreviated NDS or DS, and as iQue DS in China) is a handheld game console developed and manufactured by Nintendo, which was released in 2004. The console features a clamshell design, with two LCD screens inside - one of which is a touch sensitive screen. The Nintendo DS also features a built-in microphone and supports wireless IEEE 802.11 ( WiFi) standards, allowing players to interact with each other within short range (10–30 m, depending on conditions) or online with the Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection service. The system"s code-name was "Project Nitro," which explains the NTR in the codes written on the backs of game cards and the system itself.

Screens: Two separate 3-inch TFT LCD, resolution of 256 x 192 pixels, dimensions of 62 x 46 mm and 77 mm diagonal, and a dot pitch of 0.24 mm. Note The gap between the screens is approximately 21mm, equivalent to about 92 "hidden" lines. Controversially, some games include this space in the play field, whilst others ignore it existance. The lowermost display of the Nintendo DS is overlaid with a resistive touch screen, which registers pressure from one point on the screen at a time, averaging multiple points of contact if necessary.

An alternative method is to use publicly available knowledge from sites such as NDSTech, and to use the tools available to create one"s own programs. This development route requires a method for running Nintendo DS programs from the Game Boy Advance port. There are five methods available: PassMe, PassMe2, WiFiMe, FlashMe, and NoPass. However, there will eventually be rewritable DS cards along with DS-to- SD adaptors for other rewritable cards.

Returns Policy You can return most new, unopened items fulfilled by Amazon AU within 30 days of receipt of delivery for a replacement or full refund of the price you paid for the item if you change your mind - see About Replacements and About Refunds.

For items ordered on Amazon.com.au from a seller that fulfils and ships its own inventory (also called a third party seller), any returns will be in accordance with the returns policy set by that seller (not the Amazon AU returns policies). Please see About Marketplace Returns & Refunds for details on Seller returns policies.

Returns Policy You can return most new, unopened items fulfilled by Amazon AU within 30 days of receipt of delivery for a replacement or full refund of the price you paid for the item if you change your mind - see About Replacements and About Refunds.

For items ordered on Amazon.com.au from a seller that fulfils and ships its own inventory (also called a third party seller), any returns will be in accordance with the returns policy set by that seller (not the Amazon AU returns policies). Please see About Marketplace Returns & Refunds for details on Seller returns policies.

Returns Policy You can return most new, unopened items fulfilled by Amazon AU within 30 days of receipt of delivery for a replacement or full refund of the price you paid for the item if you change your mind - see About Replacements and About Refunds.

For items ordered on Amazon.com.au from a seller that fulfils and ships its own inventory (also called a third party seller), any returns will be in accordance with the returns policy set by that seller (not the Amazon AU returns policies). Please see About Marketplace Returns & Refunds for details on Seller returns policies.

Returns Policy You can return most new, unopened items fulfilled by Amazon AU within 30 days of receipt of delivery for a replacement or full refund of the price you paid for the item if you change your mind - see About Replacements and About Refunds.

For items ordered on Amazon.com.au from a seller that fulfils and ships its own inventory (also called a third party seller), any returns will be in accordance with the returns policy set by that seller (not the Amazon AU returns policies). Please see About Marketplace Returns & Refunds for details on Seller returns policies.

Returns Policy You can return most new, unopened items fulfilled by Amazon AU within 30 days of receipt of delivery for a replacement or full refund of the price you paid for the item if you change your mind - see About Replacements and About Refunds.

For items ordered on Amazon.com.au from a seller that fulfils and ships its own inventory (also called a third party seller), any returns will be in accordance with the returns policy set by that seller (not the Amazon AU returns policies). Please see About Marketplace Returns & Refunds for details on Seller returns policies.

Returns Policy You can return most new, unopened items fulfilled by Amazon AU within 30 days of receipt of delivery for a replacement or full refund of the price you paid for the item if you change your mind - see About Replacements and About Refunds.

For items ordered on Amazon.com.au from a seller that fulfils and ships its own inventory (also called a third party seller), any returns will be in accordance with the returns policy set by that seller (not the Amazon AU returns policies). Please see About Marketplace Returns & Refunds for details on Seller returns policies.

Returns Policy You can return most new, unopened items fulfilled by Amazon AU within 30 days of receipt of delivery for a replacement or full refund of the price you paid for the item if you change your mind - see About Replacements and About Refunds.

For items ordered on Amazon.com.au from a seller that fulfils and ships its own inventory (also called a third party seller), any returns will be in accordance with the returns policy set by that seller (not the Amazon AU returns policies). Please see About Marketplace Returns & Refunds for details on Seller returns policies.

Returns Policy You can return most new, unopened items fulfilled by Amazon AU within 30 days of receipt of delivery for a replacement or full refund of the price you paid for the item if you change your mind - see About Replacements and About Refunds.

For items ordered on Amazon.com.au from a seller that fulfils and ships its own inventory (also called a third party seller), any returns will be in accordance with the returns policy set by that seller (not the Amazon AU returns policies). Please see About Marketplace Returns & Refunds for details on Seller returns policies.

Returns Policy You can return most new, unopened items fulfilled by Amazon AU within 30 days of receipt of delivery for a replacement or full refund of the price you paid for the item if you change your mind - see About Replacements and About Refunds.

For items ordered on Amazon.com.au from a seller that fulfils and ships its own inventory (also called a third party seller), any returns will be in accordance with the returns policy set by that seller (not the Amazon AU returns policies). Please see About Marketplace Returns & Refunds for details on Seller returns policies.

Returns Policy You can return most new, unopened items fulfilled by Amazon AU within 30 days of receipt of delivery for a replacement or full refund of the price you paid for the item if you change your mind - see About Replacements and About Refunds.

For items ordered on Amazon.com.au from a seller that fulfils and ships its own inventory (also called a third party seller), any returns will be in accordance with the returns policy set by that seller (not the Amazon AU returns policies). Please see About Marketplace Returns & Refunds for details on Seller returns policies.

Returns Policy You can return most new, unopened items fulfilled by Amazon AU within 30 days of receipt of delivery for a replacement or full refund of the price you paid for the item if you change your mind - see About Replacements and About Refunds.

For items ordered on Amazon.com.au from a seller that fulfils and ships its own inventory (also called a third party seller), any returns will be in accordance with the returns policy set by that seller (not the Amazon AU returns policies). Please see About Marketplace Returns & Refunds for details on Seller returns policies.

Returns Policy You may return most new, unopened baby items fulfilled by Amazon AU within 90 days of receipt of delivery for a replacement or full refund of the price you paid for the item if you change your mind - see About Replacements and About Refunds. Change of mind returns of baby items fulfilled by Amazon AU will qualify for Free Returns shipping if the item detail page includes "Free Returns" messaging. Otherwise original shipping fees for change of mind returns are not refunded.

For items ordered on Amazon.com.au from a seller that fulfils and ships its own inventory (also called a third party seller), any returns will be in accordance with the returns policy set by that seller (not the Amazon AU returns policies). Please see About Marketplace Returns & Refunds for details on Seller returns policies.

Returns Policy You may return most new, unopened items fulfilled by Amazon AU within 30 days of receipt of delivery for a replacement or full refund of the price you paid for the item if you change your mind - see About Replacements and About Refunds. Amazon AU offers free returns shipping for change of mind returns on eligible items. Look for the "Free Returns" messaging on the detail page of an item to confirm if it is eligible for free returns. Please also see About Free Returns. Otherwise, original shipping fees for change of mind returns are not refunded.

For items ordered on Amazon.com.au from a seller that fulfils and ships its own inventory (also called a third party seller), any returns will be in accordance with the returns policy set by that seller (not the Amazon AU returns policies). Please see About Marketplace Returns & Refunds for details on Seller returns policies.

Returns Policy You may return most new, unopened items fulfilled by Amazon AU within 30 days of receipt of delivery for a replacement or full refund of the price you paid for the item if you change your mind - see About Replacements and About Refunds. Amazon AU offers free returns shipping for change of mind returns on eligible items. Look for the "Free Returns" messaging on the detail page of an item to confirm if it is eligible for free returns. Please also see About Free Returns. Otherwise, original shipping fees for change of mind returns are not refunded.

For items ordered on Amazon.com.au from a seller that fulfils and ships its own inventory (also called a third party seller), any returns will be in accordance with the returns policy set by that seller (not the Amazon AU returns policies). Please see About Marketplace Returns & Refunds for details on Seller returns policies.

Returns Policy You may return most new, unopened items fulfilled by Amazon AU within 30 days of receipt of delivery for a replacement or full refund of the price you paid for the item if you change your mind - see About Replacements and About Refunds. Amazon AU offers free returns shipping for change of mind returns on eligible items. Look for the "Free Returns" messaging on the detail page of an item to confirm if it is eligible for free returns. Please also see About Free Returns. Otherwise, original shipping fees for change of mind returns are not refunded.

For items ordered on Amazon.com.au from a seller that fulfils and ships its own inventory (also called a third party seller), any returns will be in accordance with the returns policy set by that seller (not the Amazon AU returns policies). Please see About Marketplace Returns & Refunds for details on Seller returns policies.

Returns Policy You can return most new, unopened items fulfilled by Amazon AU within 30 days of receipt of delivery for a replacement or full refund of the price you paid for the item if you change your mind - see About Replacements and About Refunds.

For items ordered on Amazon.com.au from a seller that fulfils and ships its own inventory (also called a third party seller), any returns will be in accordance with the returns policy set by that seller (not the Amazon AU returns policies). Please see About Marketplace Returns & Refunds for details on Seller returns policies.

Returns Policy You can return most new, unopened items fulfilled by Amazon AU within 30 days of receipt of delivery for a replacement or full refund of the price you paid for the item if you change your mind - see About Replacements and About Refunds.

For items ordered on Amazon.com.au from a seller that fulfils and ships its own inventory (also called a third party seller), any returns will be in accordance with the returns policy set by that seller (not the Amazon AU returns policies). Please see About Marketplace Returns & Refunds for details on Seller returns policies.

As of 2010, resistive film represented the most widely used sensing method in the touch panel market. Touch panels based on this method are called pressure-sensitive or analog-resistive film touch panels. In addition to standalone LCD monitors, this technology is used in a wide range of small to mid-sized devices, including smartphones, mobile phones, PDAs, car navigation systems, and the Nintendo DS.

Capacitive touch panels represent the second most widely used sensing method after resistive film touch panels. Corresponding to the terms used for the above analog resistive touch panels, these also are called analog capacitive touch panels. Aside from standalone LCD monitors, these are often used in the same devices with resistive film touch panels, such as smartphones and mobile phones.

Surface acoustic wave (SAW) touch panels were developed mainly to address the drawbacks of low light transmittance in resistive film touch panels—that is, to achieve bright touch panels with high levels of visibility. These are also called surface wave or acoustic wave touch panels. Aside from standalone LCD monitors, these are widely used in public spaces, in devices like point-of-sale terminals, ATMs, and electronic kiosks.

A touch panel in this category features one infrared LED each at the left and right ends of the top of the panel, along with an image sensor (camera). Retroreflective tape that reflects incident light along the axis of incidence is affixed along the remaining left, right, and bottom sides. When a finger or other object touches the screen, the image sensor captures the shadows formed when the infrared light is blocked. The coordinates of the location of contact are derived by triangulation.

While this type differs somewhat from the above touch panels, let"s touch on the subject of electromagnetic induction touch panels. This method is used in devices like LCD graphics tablets, tablet PCs, and purikura photo sticker booths.

This input method for graphics tablets, which originally did not feature monitors, achieves high-precision touch panels by combining a sensor with the LCD panel. When the user touches the screen with a special-purpose stylus that generates a magnetic field, sensors on the panel receive the electromagnetic energy and use it to sense the position of the pen.

The table below summarizes the characteristics of the touch panels we"ve looked at. Keep in mind that even in devices based on the same sensing method, performance and functions can vary widely in the actual products. Use this information only as an introduction to general product characteristics. Additionally, given daily advances in touch-panel technological innovations and cost reductions, the information below is only a snapshot of current trends as of September 2010.

The Nintendo DShandheld game console produced by Nintendo, released globally across 2004 and 2005. The DS, an initialism for "Developers" System" or "Dual Screen",LCD screens working in tandem (the bottom one being a touchscreen), a built-in microphone and support for wireless connectivity.clamshell design similar to the Game Boy Advance SP. The Nintendo DS also features the ability for multiple DS consoles to directly interact with each other over Wi-Fi within a short range without the need to connect to an existing wireless network. Alternatively, they could interact online using the now-defunct Nintendo Wi-Fi Connection service. Its main competitor was Sony"s PlayStation Portable during the seventh generation of video game consoles.

Development on the Nintendo DS began around mid-2002, following an original idea from former Nintendo president Hiroshi Yamauchi about a dual-screened console.Game Boy Advance or GameCube.TFT LCD display panels, separate processors, and up to 1 gigabit (128MB) of semiconductor memory.Satoru Iwata, said, "We have developed Nintendo DS based upon a completely different concept from existing game devices in order to provide players with a unique entertainment experience for the 21st century."E3 2004, still under the name "Nintendo DS".Hiroshi Yamauchi stressed the importance of its success to the company"s future, making a statement which can be translated from Japanese as, "If the DS succeeds, we will rise to heaven, but if it fails we will sink to hell."

As is normal for electronics, some were reported as having problems with stuck pixels in either of the two screens. Return policies for LCD displays vary between manufacturers and regions, however, in North America, Nintendo has chosen to replace a system with fixed pixels only if the owner claims that it interferes with their gaming experience. There were two exchange programs in place for North America. In the first, the owner of the defective DS in question would provide a valid credit card number and, afterward, Nintendo would ship a new DS system to the owner with shipping supplies to return the defective system. In the second, the owner of the defective DS in question would have shipped their system to Nintendo for inspection. After inspection, Nintendo technicians would have either shipped a replacement system or fixed the defective system. The first option allowed the owner to have a new DS in 3–5 business days.

DeSmuMe manages your system"s input/output and binds it with the DS environment system. It can run any DS game on your computer, provided you have a legally-owned game ROM.

Nintendo DS consoles have two screens, which are aligned vertically next to each other. While some games utilize only one screen, others display the output on both of them. If you are playing an NDS game that treats both displays as independent, you can switch to a widescreen layout by aligning the two displays horizontally next to each other.

Go to View > LCDs Layout, and then click on Horizontal. The layout of the DeSmuMe window will change. You can also use shortcuts on your keyboard to do the same. Press Ctrl + 1 to switch to the Vertical Layout and Ctrl + 2 for a horizontal one.

(Windows only) Do not run the NDS tools (the ones from the Tools menu) unless absolutely necessary. If you must, try and keep the update interval as high as possible.

Windows: By default, the "-" and "=" keyboard keys will adjust the speed multiplier between 0.0625x-4x. By default, the Tab keyboard key will disable the speed limiter while held down. You can change these hotkeys in Config > Hotkey Config. In the Main section, the commands are Fast Forward, Increase Speed, and Decrease Speed.

Windows: To change to a horizontal layout, choose View > LCDs Layout > Horizontal. To change the display mode, choose View > LCDs Layout > One LCD, and then either View > LCDs Layout > Top First (Default) or View > LCDs Layout > Bottom First.

GTK: To change to a horizontal layout, choose View > LCDs Layout > Horizontal. To change the display mode, choose View > LCDs Layout > Single Screen, and then choose View > LCDs Layout > Swap Screens to toggle between each screen.

DeSmuME allows you to apply pixel scalers, adjust the size of the video output, simulate the separation between the main and touch screens, and run filters on the video output. You can also rotate the NDS displays for games that require you to rotate the hardware NDS in a certain way.

Screen Separation: Select the window you want to change, then choose View > Display Separation, and then choose one of the menu options. Note that the percentage number is relative to the true distance between the NDS displays, where a separation of 100% is approximately 87.65px. If you choose Custom, then you may freely separate the displays to any percentage value from 0%-200%.

Output Filter (GTK only): With the exception of GTK, this feature is unsupported on all frontends. The output filter will always be Nearest Neighbor on unsupported frontends.

Yes, DeSmuME can emulate the DS microphone. However, microphone emulation may not be fully supported for all platforms. See NDS Microphone Support for more information.

Hardware audio input device support is currently broken for Windows and Linux, and so many instances where the NDS microphone is required, such as giving voice commands to your Nintendog, will fail. The Windows version can sometimes workaround this if you use software generated samples from an audio file. Unfortunately, Linux has no workarounds.

DeSmuME attempts to emulate, as faithfully as possible, the Nintendo DS and Nintendo DS Lite handheld game consoles (NDS). It currently runs on Windows, Linux, and Mac OS X. DSi is currently not supported.

Most likely, DeSmuME will not support the emulation of the Nintendo 3DS or Nintendo 2DS in the future. The hardware of both a 3DS and a 2DS are very different from an NDS, so emulating a 3DS/2DS would require making a whole new emulator.

Audio samples can be post-processed with interpolation, resulting in a smoother sound than a hardware NDS. Linear and Cosine interpolation algorithms are included. You may also turn off interpolation to play back the samples exactly as a hardware NDS would receive them.

DeSmuME uses its own internal BIOS and firmware, but only for the purposes of loading and executing ROMs. DeSmuME"s internal BIOS and firmware do not emulate all of the original NDS features.

If DeSmuME has all the necessary external BIOS and firmware images loaded, then it is possible to perform a full NDS boot. It then becomes possible to configure the NDS profile information within the emulated NDS firmware interface.

The Dynamically Linked Driver Interface, commonly known as DLDI, is a driver framework that allows NDS and GBA homebrew to easily read and write to any number of different devices, just by substituting a driver file. The MPCF driver (GBA MoviePlayer CF-version) is the only one that is supported, so you may need to install it into your application before using it in DeSmuME, though as of r3665 the patching should be automatic. You will find that a directory or fat image must be mounted via the commandline or UI for the "gbaslot" configuration. Right now, our codebase really only has libfat support for SLOT-2 devices and CF devices so more thorough support for other DLDI drivers is unlikely at this time.

Search for LOG_ARM9 in ndssystem.cpp and uncomment it. You will also need to trigger the condition for logging by setting dolog=true. Beware that this is very verbose, and can dump around 100MBytes of logs per frame. Then redirect stdout to a file. I know it isn"t easy but its what we have for now.

You may use Ideas-style printf by executing SWI 0xFC with the null terminated string address in R0. More info here: http://www.console-dev.de/2009/05/17/print-formatted-text-to-ideas-debug-console/ ; or you may use No$GBA debug message format. libnds supports No$GBA messages.

libnds argv is supported. This enables nitroFS to use libFAT to mount the nds rom, but it expects the rom to exist within the filesystem at fat:/rom.nds; if you supply a compactflash root directory equal to /path/to/ where your rom is at /path/to/rom.nds, (and of course ensure that the MPCF patch is operational), nitroFS will be able to initialize. Alternatively, use gbaslot-rom=path/to/rom.nds which will also support nitroFS via its gba-mounting mode.