spd lcd panel manufacturer

One of these glass substrates would cover the floor of a nine-square-meter room. Eight 60-inch displays or six 70-inch displays can be produced from a single substrate. By effectively manufacturing large-screen LCDs, we can maximize our advantage in making 60-inch-and-larger LCDs.

To manufacture LCD panels using these massive G10 glass substrates, our LCD panel plant is 360 meters wide across the front and 400 meters deep. The plant can yield 78,000 glass substrates per month, and it has a production capacity equivalent to approximately 470,000 70-inch LCDs per month.

Color filters, a key component of LCD panels, are manufactured in-house in two plants. These plants do more than just provide high-quality, cost-efficient products; they also continue to develop products with new functions and greater performance.

The related plants are linked like arteries, so that materials can be transported between plants using minimal time and energy. The transport paths total approximately 1.9 kilometers (1.2 miles) in length and are much more efficient than trucks at delivering the large, thin G10 glass substrates. Using this transport system contributes to the efficient manufacture of large-screen LCDs.

Flat-panel displays are thin panels of glass or plastic used for electronically displaying text, images, or video. Liquid crystal displays (LCD), OLED (organic light emitting diode) and microLED displays are not quite the same; since LCD uses a liquid crystal that reacts to an electric current blocking light or allowing it to pass through the panel, whereas OLED/microLED displays consist of electroluminescent organic/inorganic materials that generate light when a current is passed through the material. LCD, OLED and microLED displays are driven using LTPS, IGZO, LTPO, and A-Si TFT transistor technologies as their backplane using ITO to supply current to the transistors and in turn to the liquid crystal or electroluminescent material. Segment and passive OLED and LCD displays do not use a backplane but use indium tin oxide (ITO), a transparent conductive material, to pass current to the electroluminescent material or liquid crystal. In LCDs, there is an even layer of liquid crystal throughout the panel whereas an OLED display has the electroluminescent material only where it is meant to light up. OLEDs, LCDs and microLEDs can be made flexible and transparent, but LCDs require a backlight because they cannot emit light on their own like OLEDs and microLEDs.

Liquid-crystal display (or LCD) is a thin, flat panel used for electronically displaying information such as text, images, and moving pictures. They are usually made of glass but they can also be made out of plastic. Some manufacturers make transparent LCD panels and special sequential color segment LCDs that have higher than usual refresh rates and an RGB backlight. The backlight is synchronized with the display so that the colors will show up as needed. The list of LCD manufacturers:

Organic light emitting diode (or OLED displays) is a thin, flat panel made of glass or plastic used for electronically displaying information such as text, images, and moving pictures. OLED panels can also take the shape of a light panel, where red, green and blue light emitting materials are stacked to create a white light panel. OLED displays can also be made transparent and/or flexible and these transparent panels are available on the market and are widely used in smartphones with under-display optical fingerprint sensors. LCD and OLED displays are available in different shapes, the most prominent of which is a circular display, which is used in smartwatches. The list of OLED display manufacturers:

MicroLED displays is an emerging flat-panel display technology consisting of arrays of microscopic LEDs forming the individual pixel elements. Like OLED, microLED offers infinite contrast ratio, but unlike OLED, microLED is immune to screen burn-in, and consumes less power while having higher light output, as it uses LEDs instead of organic electroluminescent materials, The list of MicroLED display manufacturers:

LCDs are made in a glass substrate. For OLED, the substrate can also be plastic. The size of the substrates are specified in generations, with each generation using a larger substrate. For example, a 4th generation substrate is larger in size than a 3rd generation substrate. A larger substrate allows for more panels to be cut from a single substrate, or for larger panels to be made, akin to increasing wafer sizes in the semiconductor industry.

"Samsung Display has halted local Gen-8 LCD lines: sources". THE ELEC, Korea Electronics Industry Media. August 16, 2019. Archived from the original on April 3, 2020. Retrieved December 18, 2019.

"TCL to Build World"s Largest Gen 11 LCD Panel Factory". www.businesswire.com. May 19, 2016. Archived from the original on April 2, 2018. Retrieved April 1, 2018.

"Panel Manufacturers Start to Operate Their New 8th Generation LCD Lines". 대한민국 IT포털의 중심! 이티뉴스. June 19, 2017. Archived from the original on June 30, 2019. Retrieved June 30, 2019.

"TCL"s Panel Manufacturer CSOT Commences Production of High Generation Panel Modules". www.businesswire.com. June 14, 2018. Archived from the original on June 30, 2019. Retrieved June 30, 2019.

"Samsung Display Considering Halting Some LCD Production Lines". 비즈니스코리아 - BusinessKorea. August 16, 2019. Archived from the original on April 5, 2020. Retrieved December 19, 2019.

Herald, The Korea (July 6, 2016). "Samsung Display accelerates transition from LCD to OLED". www.koreaherald.com. Archived from the original on April 1, 2018. Retrieved April 1, 2018.

"China"s BOE to have world"s largest TFT-LCD+AMOLED capacity in 2019". ihsmarkit.com. 2017-03-22. Archived from the original on 2019-08-16. Retrieved 2019-08-17.

Spectra-Physics is a leading supplier of lasers for the manufacture of flat panel displays (FPD) including OLED and LCD. Our lasers are proven in a wide range of FPD applications including glass cutting/drilling, ITO patterning, repair and marking. We deliver a broad portfolio of highly reliable, cost-effective lasers for 24/7 flat panel manufacturing backed by our industry-leading global support organization.

The Spirit 1030-100-SHG laser system operating at wavelengths of 515 and 1030 nm has been used for cutting 75 μm thick ribbons of PI and PET plastics, typically used for flexible OLED displays. Figure 1 shows microscope images of PI and PET plastics machined using the Spirit 1030-100-SHG laser. Cutting speeds exceeding 1 m/s for both plastics were achieved when operating the laser at 100 W average power at 1030 nm. It was also possible to achieve high machining quality with minimal thermal damage (HAZ < 50 .m). The demonstrated cutting speed and quality meets the requirements of OLED display manufacturers.. Please see Newport.com for additional information on Flat Panel Display Manufacturing.

As the flat panel display market moves from liquid crystal display (LCD) to organic light emitting diode (OLED) display technology, laser structuring and cutting of heterogeneous materials (comprised of multiple organic material films) with high quality and accuracy is needed. Within OLED technology, substrate material is changing from glass to flexible plastics to create lighter, thinner and more durable displays. See Flexible OLED Manufacturing with High 42 Power Femtosecond Laser for additional information.

Flat panel displays use different backplane technologies. Small and medium OLEDs for mobile phones use a low temperature polysilicon (LTPS) backplane which is created by laser annealing amorphous silicon (a-Si). OLED TVs use a metal oxide backplane. Both backplanes use deposited thin films which must be highly uniform and contamination free to maximize electrical performance. The OLEDs are evaporated or deposited and encapsulated to reduce degradation caused by water vapor and oxygen exposure. Encapsulation uses either strengthened glass or thin films, depending on whether the OLED is rigid or flexible. Dissimilarity of materials within the rigid and flexible stacks make cutting and singulation of individual display devices a challenge. The highly complex nature of this process can induce defects, decreasing throughput and yield.

Shenzhen Competitor SPD Manufacturing Co., Ltd. was established in 2017. The company is located in Shenzhen, the beautiful innovation capital of the Pearl River Delta. It specializes in the research and development, production and sales of surge protectors and lightning protection modules. The products are widely used in communication base station facilities, power supply systems for construction machinery and equipment, power supply for hardware machine tools, IoT/AI equipment, smart cities and municipal lighting projects, security monitoring systems, commercial energy-saving lighting, medical instrumentation, power supply systems, industrial machinery automation equipment, Intelligent robot facilities, outdoor tower crane equipment power supply systems, new energy vehicle charging piles, power supply distribution boxes, etc.

Today, semiconductor and LCD panel manufacturing equipment is essential for the production of all kinds of electric and electronic appliances, including PCs, cell phones and flat-panel televisions. Advances in this equipment promote enhancements to PC performance and cell phone functions, and enrich people"s lives by reducing the cost of flat panel TV sets. THK"s products can meet this kind of high-technology need for fine movement control.

Compact ball screws and Caged Ball LM Guides exhibiting very smooth movement are used in highly efficient production systems used for LCD panels for car navigation systems and mobile tools.

In order to test the electrical characteristics of LCD panel substrates, the measuring instrument must be capable of positioning the substrates accurately over a wide area. LM Guides and ball screws, machined to a high level of accuracy, can provide this tracking control and contribute to efficient manufacturing even as the size of the substrates increases.

SHANGHAI, CHINA and BERLIN, GERMANY // May 20, 2020 // The international independent third-party testing, inspection, and certification organization, TÜV Rheinland Group (TÜV Rheinland), today announced that display manufacturers BOE, TCL CSOT, Innolux, IVO, Wistron and AUO have achieved Eyesafe Display certification, the industry’s standard for low blue light and color performance management. The Eyesafe Display standard is the world’s leading set of health-based requirements for the consumer electronics industry, developed in conjunction with over 250 leading ophthalmologists, optometrists, and engineers who have been conducting and analyzing clinical health and safety research on the impacts of exposure to high-energy blue light. TÜV Rheinland also announced that display manufacturer Panda have panels that are in the process of being certified, and should be able to bring certified panels to market later this year.

“Ever since announcing in early March that we would begin certifying displays against the Eyesafe Display Standard, demand from across the panel manufacturing sector has been outstanding,” said Kalyan Varma, Vice President of TÜV Rheinland, Business Field Electrical, Global, at the launch. “There was clearly pent-up demand for industry-wide standards for low blue light and color performance management. Today’s announcement, which brings together many of the leading panel suppliers in the world, shows that the industry is serious about the health and safety of the end-consumers. TÜV Rheinland is excited to be playing a leading role in consolidating industry support around a single, best-in-class standard.”

“In the current information age with high-speed development, display panels are widely used as an interface for human-computer interaction,” said Wu Yanbing, Vice General Manager of MNT SBU at BOE. “As consumers use monitors for longer periods and at a younger age, their demands for eye health protection are becoming stronger. BOE has always been people-oriented, and is committed to bringing users a better experience. We have a total of seven products that passed testing this time, and more products will be launched in the future. BOE will work with TÜV Rheinland and Eyesafe to provide users with healthy, high-quality products.”

“TCL CSOT will adhere to the strategy of becoming a global leading intelligent technology company,” said Li Dongsheng, founder and Chairman of TCL. “Announcing that our devices and panels will now meet the best-in-class Eyesafe Display Certification sends an important message to our supply chain partners. This is a very momentous day for our company, and it marks a major achievement by our engineering and products teams.”

“Wistron is honored to announce that our panels have achieved the best-in-class Eyesafe Display Certification, which represents a huge leap forward in product development,” said Jeff Lin, CEO of Wistron Technologies, Wistron Corporation. “Today’s news also conveys our commitment to consumers’ health and safety. Gaining the Eyesafe seal of approval marks a milestone for our engineering and product teams.”

The panel makers that have their products certified by TÜV Rheinland to meet the Eyesafe Display requirements, BOE, TCL CSOT, Innolux, IVO, Wistron and AUO, in addition to Panda which is in the process of meeting the TÜV Rheinland Eyesafe Display certification and plan on bringing Eyesafe Display certified panels to market later in 2020, collectively account for over 60% of the world’s display manufacturing for desktop monitors, all-in-one PCs, and laptops.

From handheld electronics to clothing items and medical devices to industrial equipment, the desire to integrate highly functional and aesthetically pleasing display technology into electronic projects has never been greater. OKAYA offers many different LCD types and sizes for a wide range of application possibilities. When standard parts don’t quite meet your needs, OKAYA offers many customizations as simple as custom cable lengths all the way to completely customized icon displays.

OSAKA -- Sharp has turned LCD factory operator Sakai Display Products into a wholly owned subsidiary for an estimated 40 billion yen ($296 million), Sharp announced Monday.

Sharp previously held a 20% stake in SDP, which produces large display panels for televisions in the city of Sakai, near Osaka. It acquired the rest from a Samoa-based investment company by handing over 11.45 Sharp shares for each SDP share it received.

Important technical improvements of LCD, such as LED backlighting and wide viewing Angle, are directly related to LCD. And account for an LCD display 80% of the cost of the LCD panel, enough to show that the LCD panel is the core part of the entire display, the quality of the LCD panel, can be said to directly determine the quality of an LCD display.

The production of civil LCD displays is just an assembly process. The LCD panel, the main control circuit, shell, and other parts of the main assembly, basically will not have too complex technical problems.

Does this mean that LCDS are low-tech products? In fact, it is not. The production and manufacturing process of the LCD panels is very complicated, requiring at least 300 process processes. The whole process needs to be carried out in a dust-free environment and with precise technology.

The general structure of the LCD panel is not very complex, now the structure of the LCD panel is divided into two parts: the LCD panel and the backlight system.

Due to the LCD does not shine, so you need to use another light source to illuminate, the function of the backlight system is to this, but currently used CCFL lamp or LED backlight, don’t have the characteristics of the surface light source, so you need to guide plate, spreadsheet components, such as linear or point sources of light evenly across the surface, in order to make the entire LCD panel on the differences of luminous intensity is the same, but it is very difficult, to achieve the ideal state can be to try to reduce brightness non-uniformity, the backlight system has a lot to the test of design and workmanship.

In addition, there is a driving IC and printed circuit board beside the LCD panel, which is mainly used to control the rotation of LCD molecules in the LCD panel and the transmission of display signals. The LCD plate is thin and translucent without electricity. It is roughly shaped like a sandwich, with an LCD sandwiched between a layer of TFT glass and a layer of colored filters.

LCD with light refraction properties of solid crystals, with fluid flow characteristics at the same time, under the drive of the electrode, can be arranged in a way that, in accordance with the master want to control the strength of the light through, and then on the color filter, through the red, green, blue three colors of each pixel toning, eventually get the full-screen image.

According to the functional division, the LCD panel can be divided into the LCD panel and the backlight system. However, to produce an LCD panel, it needs to go through three complicated processes, namely, the manufacturing process of the front segment Array,the manufacturing process of the middle segment Cell, and the assembly of the rear segment module. Today we will be here, for you in detail to introduce the production of the LCD panel manufacturing process.

The manufacturing process of the LCD panel Array is mainly composed of four parts: film, yellow light, etch and peel film. If we just look at it in this way, many netizens do not understand the specific meaning of these four steps and why they do so.

First of all, the motion and arrangement of LCD molecules need electrons to drive them. Therefore, on the TFT glass, the carrier of LCD, there must be conductive parts to control the motion of LCD. In this case, we use ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) to do this.ITO is transparent and also acts as a thin-film conductive crystal so that it doesn’t block the backlight.

The different arrangement of LCD molecules and the rapid motion change can ensure that each pixel displays the corresponding color accurately and the image changes accurately and quickly, which requires the precision of LCD molecule control.ITO film needs special treatment, just like printing the circuit on the PCB board, drawing the conductive circuit on the whole LCD board.

This completes the previous Array process. It is not difficult to see from the whole process that ITO film is deposited, photoresist coated, exposed, developed, and etched on TFT glass, and finally, ITO electrode pattern designed in the early stage is formed on TFT glass to control the movement of LCD molecules on the glass. The general steps of the whole production process are not complicated, but the technical details and precautions are very complicated, so we will not introduce them here. Interested friends can consult relevant materials by themselves.

The glass that the LCD board uses makes a craft also very exquisite. (The manufacturing process flow of the LCD display screen)At present, the world’s largest LCD panel glass, mainly by the United States Corning, Japan Asahi glass manufacturers, located in the upstream of the production of LCD panel, these manufacturers have mastered the glass production technology patents. A few months ago, the earthquake caused a corning glass furnace shutdown incident, which has caused a certain impact on the LCD panel industry, you can see its position in the industry.

As mentioned earlier, the LCD panel is structured like a sandwich, with an LCD sandwiched between the lower TFT glass and the upper color filter. The terminal Cell process in LCD panel manufacturing involves the TFT glass being glued to the top and bottom of a colored filter, but this is not a simple bonding process that requires a lot of technical detail.

As you can see from the figure above, the glass is divided into 6 pieces of the same size. In other words, the LCD made from this glass is finally cut into 6 pieces, and the size of each piece is the final size. When the glass is cast, the specifications and sizes of each glass have been designed in advance.

Directional friction:Flannelette material is used to rub the surface of the layer in a specific direction so that the LCD molecules can be arranged along the friction direction of the aligned layer in the future to ensure the consistency of the arrangement of LCD molecules. After the alignment friction, there will be some contaminants such as flannelette thread, which need to be washed away through a special cleaning process.

After the TFT glass substrate is cleaned, a sealant coating is applied to allow the TFT glass substrate to be bonded to the color filter and to prevent LCD outflow.

Finally, the conductive adhesive is applied to the frame in the bonding direction of the glass of the color filter to ensure that external electrons can flow into the LCD layer. Then, according to the bonding mark on the TFT glass substrate and the color filter, two pieces of glass are bonded together, and the bonding material is solidified at high temperatures to make the upper and lower glasses fit statically.

Color filters are very important components of LCD panels. Manufacturers of color filters, like glass substrate manufacturers, are upstream of LCD panel manufacturers. Their oversupply or undersupply can directly affect the production schedule of LCD panels and indirectly affect the end market.

As can be seen from the above figure, each LCD panel is left with two edges after cutting. What is it used for? You can find the answer in the later module process

Finally, a polarizer is placed on both sides of each LCD substrate, with the horizontal polarizer facing outwards and the vertical polarizer facing inwards.

When making LCD panel, must up and down each use one, and presents the alternating direction, when has the electric field and does not have the electric field, causes the light to produce the phase difference and to present the light and dark state, uses in the display subtitle or the pattern.

The rear Module manufacturing process is mainly the integration of the drive IC pressing of the LCD substrate and the printed circuit board. This part can transmit the display signal received from the main control circuit to the drive IC to drive the LCD molecules to rotate and display the image. In addition, the backlight part will be integrated with the LCD substrate at this stage, and the complete LCD panel is completed.

Firstly, the heteroconductive adhesive is pressed on the two edges, which allows external electrons to enter the LCD substrate layer and acts as a bridge for electronic transmission

Next is the drive IC press. The main function of the drive IC is to output the required voltage to each pixel and control the degree of torsion of the LCD molecules. The drive IC is divided into two types. The source drive IC located in the X-axis is responsible for the input of data. It is characterized by high frequency and has an image function. The gate drive IC located in the Y-axis is responsible for the degree and speed of torsion of LCD molecules, which directly affects the response time of the LCD display. However, there are already many LCD panels that only have driving IC in the X-axis direction, perhaps because the Y-axis drive IC function has been integrated and simplified.

The press of the flexible circuit board can transmit data signals and act as the bridge between the external printed circuit and LCD. It can be bent and thus becomes a flexible or flexible circuit board

The manufacturing process of the LCD substrate still has a lot of details and matters needing attention, for example, rinse with clean, dry, dry, dry, ultrasonic cleaning, exposure, development and so on and so on, all have very strict technical details and requirements, so as to produce qualified eyes panel, interested friends can consult relevant technical information by a search engine.

LCD (LC) is a kind of LCD, which has the properties of light transmission and refraction of solid Crystal, as well as the flow property of Liquid. It is because of this property that it will be applied to the display field.

However, LCD does not emit light autonomously, so the display equipment using LCD as the display medium needs to be equipped with another backlight system.

First, a backplate is needed as the carrier of the light source. The common light source for LCD display equipment is CCFL cold cathode backlight, but it has started to switch to an LED backlight, but either one needs a backplate as the carrier.

CCFL backlight has been with LCD for a long time. Compared with LED backlight, CCFL backlight has many defects. However, it has gradually evolved to save 50% of the lamp and enhance the transmittance of the LCD panel, so as to achieve the purpose of energy-saving.

With the rapid development of LED in the field of lighting, the cost has been greatly reduced.LCD panels have also started to use LED as the backlight on a large scale. Currently, in order to control costs, an LED backlight is placed on the side rather than on the backplate, which can reduce the number of LED grains.

At the top of the diffusion plate, there will be 3~4 diffuser pieces, constantly uniform light to the whole surface, improve the uniformity of light, which is directly related to the LCD panel display effect. Professional LCD in order to better control the brightness uniformity of the screen, panel procurement, the later backlight control circuit, will make great efforts to ensure the quality of the panel.

Since the LCD substrate and the backlight system are not fixed by bonding, a metal or rubber frame is needed to be added to the outer layer to fix the LCD substrate and the backlight system.

After the period of the Module, the process is completed in LCM (LCDModule) factory, the core of this part of the basic does not involve the use of LCD manufacturing technology, mainly is some assembly work, so some machine panel factories such as chi mei, Korea department such as Samsung panel factory, all set with LCM factories in mainland China, Duan Mo group after the LCD panel assembly, so that we can convenient mainland area each big monitor procurement contract with LCD TV manufacturers, can reduce the human in the whole manufacturing and transportation costs.

However, neither Taiwan nor Korea has any intention to set up factories in mainland China for the LCD panel front and middle manufacturing process involving core technologies. Therefore, there is still a long way to go for China to have its own LCD panel industry.

To resize a LCD is literally to cut the glass, polarizers, circuits and circuit boards to a new size. Years ago, it was thought impossible to preserve the original performance of a previously manufactured LCD once the glass circuits are cut. However, Litemax has done the impossible, over and over again, becoming the world"s leading pioneer and leader in LCD resizing solutions.

Squarepixel series is designed for high brightness with power efficiency LED backlight. It provides LCD panel with specific aspect ratios and sunlight readable for digital signage, public transportation, exhibition hall, department store, and the vending machines.

The spirit of Durapixel indeed lies with its name: durability. Why Durapixel? Commercial-grade LCD displays, due to the competitive pricing structure, are unable to offer more than MTBF of 30,000 hours, which will not be sufficient for any applications that require around-the-clock operations. System designers, integrators and users serious about rugged, industrial displays for demanding environments need to look no further – the unfailingly robust and high-quality Durapixel is the key to each of your success.

UbiPixel, industrial LCDs are used in many professional applications. High bright sunlight readable and low power consumption display technologies offer the highest quality LCDs for specific industrial applications. Our embedded LCD can be manufactured in an open frame, VESA mount, or fully enclosed housing for HMI display, KIOSK, Vending machine, home automation, point-of-sale terminals, digital signage and more. UbiPixel, industrial LCDs are used in many professional applications. High bright sunlight readable and low power consumption display technologies offer the highest quality LCD screen for specific industrial applications. Our embedded LCD can be manufactured in an open frame, VESA mount or fully enclosed housing for HMI display, KIOSK, Vending machine, home automation, point-of-sale terminals, digital signage and more.

Featuring a modular designed, this series can be fitted with a number of modules to expand its base capabilities. On-site maintenance and future upgradability are easier than ever by deploying our panel PCs and monitors.

Litemax rugged panel PCs go beyond that of the standard industrial panel computes with elegant, full IP68/65-rated construction, powerful performance and flexible mounting options making it ideal for harsh environments and demanding applications, such as machine controller, command centers, and fast, efficient computing.

The Litemax ITRP series is fanless Passenger Information System, It features stretched LCD display, with high brightness to ensure easy readability even in light-insufficient environments. It serves as a reliable platform to provide passenger information on wide versatility of vehicles, such as bus and trams.

The most basic LCD introduced above is called passive matrix LCDs which can be found mostly in low end or simple applications like, calculators, utility meters, early time digital watches, alarm clocks etc.  Passive matrix LCDs have a lot of limitations, like the narrow viewing angle, slow response speed, dim, but it is great for power consumption.

In order to improve upon the drawbacks, scientists and engineers developed active matrix LCD technology.  The most widely used is TFT (Thin Film Transistor) LCD technology.  Based on TFT LCD, even more modern LCD technologies are developed. The best known is IPS (In Plane Switching) LCD.  It has super wide viewing angle, superior image picture quality, fast response, great contrast, less burn-in defects etc.

IPS LCDs are widely used in LCD monitors, LCD TVs, Iphone, pads etc. Samsung even revolutionized the LED backlighting to be QLED (quantum dot) to switch off LEDs wherever light is not needed to produce deeper blacks.

– Twisted Nematic Display:  The TN (Twisted Nematic) LCDs production can be done most frequently and used different kinds of displays all over the industries. These displays are most frequently used by gamers as they are cheap & have quick response time as compared with other displays. The main disadvantage of these displays is that they have low quality as well as partial contrast ratios, viewing angles & reproduction of color. But, these devices are sufficient for daily operations.

– In-Plane Switching Display:IPS displays are considered to be the best LCD because they provide good image quality, higher viewing angles, vibrant color precision & difference. These displays are mostly used by graphic designers & in some other applications, LCDs need the maximum potential standards for the reproduction of image & color.

– Vertical Alignment Panel: The vertical alignment (VA) panels drop anywhere in the center among Twisted Nematic and in-plane switching panel technology. These panels have the best viewing angles as well as color reproduction with higher quality features as compared with TN type displays. These panels have a low response time. But, these are much more reasonable and appropriate for daily use.

– The structure of this panel generates deeper blacks as well as better colors as compared with the twisted nematic display. And several crystal alignments can permit for better viewing angles as compared with TN type displays. These displays arrive with a tradeoff because they are expensive as compared with other displays. And also they have slow response times & low refresh rates.

– Advanced Fringe Field Switching (AFFS):  AFFS LCDs offer the best performance & a wide range of color reproduction as compared with IPS displays. The applications of AFFS are very advanced because they can reduce the distortion of color without compromising on the broad viewing angle. Usually, this display is used in highly advanced as well as professional surroundings like in the viable airplane cockpits.

– Passive and Active Matrix Displays: The Passive-matrix type LCDs works with a simple grid so that charge can be supplied to a specific pixel on the LCD. One glass layer gives columns whereas the other one gives rows that are designed by using a clear conductive material like indium-tin-oxide. The passive-matrix system has major drawbacks particularly response time is slow & inaccurate voltage control. The response time of the display mainly refers to the capability of the display to refresh the displayed image.

– Active-matrix type LCDs mainly depend on TFT (thin-film transistors). These transistors are small switching transistors as well as capacitors which are placed within a matrix over a glass substrate. When the proper row is activated then a charge can be transmitted down the exact column so that a specific pixel can be addressed, because all of the additional rows that the column intersects are switched OFF, simply the capacitor next to the designated pixel gets a charge.

LCD technologies have great advantages of light, thin, low power consumption which made wall TVs, laptops, smartphones, pad possible. On its way to progress, it wiped out the competition of many display technologies. We don’t see CRT monitors on our desks and plasma displays TV at our home anymore. LCD Technologies dominant the display market now. But any technology has the limitations.

LCD technologies have slow response times especially at low temperature, limited viewing angles, backlighting is needed. Focus on LCD drawbacks, OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diodes) technology was developed. Some high-end TV and mobile phones start to use AMOLED (Active Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diodes) displays.

This cutting-edge technology provides even better color reproduction, clear image quality, better color gamut, less power consumption when compared to LCD technology. Please note, OLED displays include AMOLED and PMOLED (Passive Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diodes). What you need to choose is AMOLED for your TV and mobile phones instead of PMOLED.

BOE, China’s largest display company, was listed as a major panel supplier in Samsung Electronics’ business report. BOE has filled the vacancy created by Samsung Display’s phased reduction of large LCD panels for TVs.

The business report, which was registered with the Financial Supervisory Service’s electronic disclosure system, listed three major display panel suppliers for the company"s consumer electronics (CE) sector in 2021 -- BOE and CSOT of China and AUO of Taiwan. BOE was newly added as a major supplier. BOE surpassed LG Display in 2018 to become the world’s No. 1 LCD manufacturer.

Samsung Display decided in early 2021 to stop producing large LCD panels beginning from 2022. The decision was made to speed up its transition to next-generation QD-OLED panels as the profitability of the LCD business fell significantly due to a price war with Chinese companies.

It stopped the operation of L7 at Asan Campus in South Chungcheong Province, which had produced large LCD panels, in March 2021. An 8th-generation LCD production line at the Suzhou plant in China was sold in April 2021. However, it is still operating some of its large LCD production facilities at Asan Campus at the request of Samsung Electronics. Samsung Display is considering shutting down these facilities within June 2022.

Industry insiders say that Samsung Display"s withdrawal from the LCD business has weakened Samsung Electronics" bargaining power in negotiations with Chinese vendors.

Samsung Electronics’ price burden for TV panels has nearly doubled over the past year. The Samsung Electronics business report says that the company spent 10,582.3 billion won on purchasing display panels in 2021. This was an increase of 94.2 percent from the previous year (5,448.3 billion won). The main factor behind the increase is a rise in LCD panel prices. Samsung Electronics explained that prices of TV panels rose about 39 percent on year in 2021.

Industry insiders say one solution is to accelerate a shift to OLED-based TVs. Chinese panel makers are investing aggressively to develop large OLED panel technologies, but they have not yet reached the volume production stage.

Samsung Electronics is negotiating with Samsung Display and LG Display over the release of OLED TVs. LG Display is the only company that mass produces large OLED panels. It can produce 10 million TV panels annually. Samsung Display started mass production of large OLED panels at the end of 2021. The two Korean OLED panel makers adopt white (W) and blue (B) light sources, respectively.