tft lcd color monitor not coming on factory
Article summary: This article provides information on how to use & troubleshoot your Dell S2318M monitor, key features of Dell S2318M monitor, technical specifications, how to setup your Dell S2318M monitor, how to find the documentation or manuals for Dell S2318M monitor, how to reset the monitor to factory default settings and troubleshooting steps to resolve common issues on Dell S2318M monitor.
The Dell S2318M flat panel display has an active matrix, Thin-Film Transistor (TFT), Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), In-plane Switching panel and LED backlight. The monitor features include:
This section provides some specifications of the Dell S2318M monitor. For more information about the Dell S2318M monitor, refer to the User Guide at the Dell Manuals website. Back to Top
Connecting the Monitor - Refer to the knowledge base article How to Connect a Monitor to a Computer?. Alternatively, you can also refer to the Setting Up The Monitor in the User"s Guide for your Dell S2318M Monitor.
Ports & Connectors - Refer to the User"s Guide for your Dell S2318M Monitor for more information on the Ports & Connectors available on your Dell S2318M Monitor. Back to Top
Use the buttons at the bottom of the monitor to access the On-Screen Display (OSD) menu of the monitor. To access the On-Screen Display (OSD) menu, press Button 3 at the bottom of the monitor.
For more information on Using the On-Screen Display (OSD) Menu, refer to the Operating Your Monitor section in the User"s Guide for Dell S2318M monitor.
During the LCD Monitor manufacturing process, it is not uncommon for one or more pixels to become fixed in an unchanging state which are hard to see and do not affect the display quality or usability. For more information, refer to the Dell knowledge-base article Dell LCD Monitor Pixel Guidelines. Back to Top
Your Dell S2318M Monitor provides a self-test feature check that allows you to check whether the monitor is functioning properly. If the monitor and computer are properly connected but the monitor screen remains dark, run the monitor self-test by performing the following steps:
Unplug the video cable from the back of the computer. To ensure proper Self-Test operation, remove the video cables (VGA, DVI, HDMI or DisplayPort) from the back of the computer.
If your monitor screen remains blank after you use the previous procedure, check your video card (GPU) and computer, because your monitor is functioning properly. Back to Top
Your Dell S2318M monitor has a built-in diagnostic tool that helps to determine if the screen abnormality you are experiencing is a problem with the monitor or with the video card on your computer.
When you notice screen abnormalities like distortion, clarity, horizontal or vertical lines, color fade etc., it is always a good practise to isolate the monitor by running the Built-In Diagnostics.
If you notice any abnormalities during Built-In Diagnostics, you may get the monitor repaired/replaced if it is under warranty by contacting Dell Technical Support.
This section provides information on troubleshooting steps that can help resolve the most common issues with the Dell S2318M monitor. Click to expand the section to find more information.
A few permanently bright or dark pixels are considered normal by industry standards. The exact number of pixels allowed varies depending on the monitor. Refer to Monitor Quality and Pixel Policy for more details.
Built-In Self Test - The Dell S2318M monitor has a built-in self test that helps you identify if the screen abnormality is with the monitor or the video card (GPU) on your computer. When you notice screen abnormalities like distortion, clarity, horizontal or vertical lines, color fade etc., it is always a good practise to isolate the monitor by running the Built-In Diagnostics.
The Troubleshooting section of this Dell knowledge-base article provides information on troubleshooting common issues with the Dell S2318M monitor. The section has troubleshooting steps on how to resolve power issues, video issues, color or clarity issues, distortion issues, horizontal or vertical lines, brightness issues or pixel issues etc,.
To navigate the On-Screen Display (OSD) menu, use the buttons on the monitor. The monitor control buttons are usually on the right side , either on the side, front or bottom of the monitor. To access the On-Screen Display (OSD) menu, press Button 3 on the monitor.
For more information on using the On-Screen Display (OSD) menu and different menu options, refer to the Operating Your Monitor section of the User Guide of the Dell S2318M monitor.
Article Summary: This article helps you find information about your Dell SE2417HG Monitor like how to setup the monitor, how to use the monitor and some troubleshooting methods to resolve the most common monitor related issues.
The Dell SE2417HG flat panel display has an active matrix, Thin-Film Transistor (TFT), Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), and LED backlight. The monitor features include:
This section provides some specifications of the Dell SE2417HG Monitor. For more information about the Dell SE2417HG Monitor, refer to the User"s Guide at the Dell Support website.
Connecting the Monitor - Refer to the knowledge base article How to Connect a Monitor to a Computer?. Alternatively, you can also refer to the Setting Up The Monitor in the User"s Guide for your Dell SE2417HG Monitor.
Ports & Connectors - Refer to the User"s Guide for your Dell SE2417HG Monitor for more information on the Ports & Connectors available on your Dell SE2417HG Monitor. Back to Top
For more information on Using the On-Screen Display (OSD) Menu, refer to the Operating Your Monitor section in the User"s Guide for Dell SE2417HG Monitor. Back to Top
Your Dell SE2417HG Monitor provides a self-test feature that allows you to check whether the monitor is functioning properly. If the monitor and computer are properly connected but the monitor screen remains dark, run the monitor self-test by performing the following steps:
Unplug the video cable from the back of the computer. To ensure proper Self-Test operation, remove the video cables (VGA, DVI, HDMI or DisplayPort) from the back of the computer.
If the monitor is working correctly, it detects that there is no signal and one of the following message (Figure 2) appears. While in self-test mode, the power LED remains white.
If your monitor screen remains blank after you use the previous procedure, check your video card (GPU) and computer, because your monitor is functioning properly. Back to Top
Your Dell SE2417HG monitor has a built-in diagnostic tool that helps to determine if the screen abnormality you are experiencing is a problem with the monitor or with the video card on your computer.
When you notice screen abnormalities like distortion, clarity, horizontal or vertical lines, color fade etc., it is always a good practise to isolate the monitor by running the Built-In Diagnostics.
Note:If you do not detect any screen abnormalities upon using the built-in diagnostic tool, the monitor is functioning properly. Check the video card (GPU) and the computer.
If you notice any abnormalities during Built-In Diagnostics, you may get the monitor repaired/replaced if it is under warranty by contacting Dell Technical Support.
Press Button 1 to bring up the Input Source menu. Use Button 1 or Button 2 to toggle between VGA or HDMI source and then press Button 3 to confirm your selection (Figure 3).
A few permanently bright or dark pixels are considered normal by industry standards. The exact number of pixels allowed varies depending on the monitor. Refer to Monitor Quality and Pixel Policy for more details.
Note:If you do not see the recommended resolution as an option, you may need to update the video card (GPU) driver by visiting the Dell Support website.
When your backup camera stops working suddenly, it’s a raw deal. This technology is enormously beneficial, preventing accidents, helping with parallel parking, and more. When it goes out, you’re left with one less tool in your safe driving toolbox.
Luckily, backup camera troubleshooting doesn’t require too much on your part, and most backup camera problems can be diagnosed and solved without too much effort (or too much cash). We’re going to help you out, answering common backup camera problems FAQ style. Let’s go!
Tackling a difficult problem can often leave you feeling that you don’t know what to do next. Especially when it comes to solving problems with your backup camera, the first thing you have to determine is how much control you’re realistically going to have over fixing the problem. If your backup camera problems seem a bit too overwhelming or out of your skillset, talk to a mechanic to get help.
But, if you’re an intrepid DIYer, having the tools and knowhow necessary to understand how car electrical systems work can be essential in your troubleshooting journey. You can also checkout our guide on fixing afoggy backup camera & some quick tips forhere’s a handy guide that walks you through many common electrical problems and gives you the tools necessary to troubleshoot an electrical problem.
Well, the answer to this question requires us to get more specific, which we’ll start to answer in the questions below. But first, to get the obvious troubleshooting steps out of the way, put your car in reverse. What does the display say? “No signal?” Or is it just black? Do you have black and white visual noise? Depending on the answers to those questions, you’ll probably find your answer below. That said, the distance from basic issue to easy fix and then onto finding out your camera has bit the dust can be pretty short.
There are a number of reasons that your camera might be giving you this message. If it’s a wifi camera, and it was working previously, it likely means that the camera or the display needs a reset. (You can check out some of our thoughts aboutwired vs wireless backup camerashere) It also wouldn’t hurt to check your fuses and the power cables for the camera (usually located behind the trunk panel of your car. Possibly, a fuse may have blown or a wire may have frayed and become disconnected. (This is probably the best case scenario with these kinds of issues.)
If you have a wired backup camera, wiring is more likely the problem. Again, checking your fuses to ensure everything is connected (and not blown) and going and tracing the wiring and cables from the camera to the display will reveal the problem to you. If your display is embedded in the dashboard, start at the camera and work to the display, as removing a dashboard display can be a difficult process, and you only want to do it as a last resort.
If your backup camera display is flashing or giving you black and white static, it’s likely the case that you have a fraying wire or a faulty connection. Make sure all of the cables and connections in your backup camera system are fully connected and repair any damage.
You’re probably starting to sense a theme here. If your display is not powering on at all, it’s likely a problem with the display, not the camera, so check the wiring diagrams for your car. (If you installed the monitor yourself, double check your work. Plugging the camera into the AUX dash cable rather than video feed is a common problem with home installs. ). More likely than not, if your display is not powering on, it’s either improperly connected (make sure that you’ve got the right level of power being sent to the display) or the monitor is damaged or broken. I’ll also add since it has come up before, that many people install their backup camera to only work when the car is in reverse, so make sure you’ve actually given reversing a go.
If the display is powering on, and it doesn’t say that there is no signal, your camera might be the issue. Check it for damage, and replace it if necessary.
one is a hardware fault, the other is a software problem. Although only these two big aspects but involved in the details of the aspect is very much, the following details about the display color abnormal possible reasons and solutions.
Monitor color is not normal, we recommend the first use of the elimination method, as far as possible to eliminate some simple problems. There are many reasons leading to the abnormal display of the display color, such as checking whether the display data line is normal, the display color control panelis not set well, poor contact, or rust of the display wire may lead to such problems.
For this kind of fault a lot of people say that the video card has a hardware fault, some people say that the picture tube was scrapped, and some people say that the driver of the video card was damaged, these views are wrong.
A kinescope-tube failure can cause this problem, but it is not irreparable – minor electric shocks, serious rewound filament power supply windings, and sometimes the visual discharge power supply resistance of a particular electron gun is miswelded or broken or the resistance value is increased.
For the first kind of fault phenomenon, some models only have a certain slight leakage of electricity between the poles, which usually need no maintenance. They only have aninstant color deviation when starting up, which can be normal in a few seconds.
For the contact pole (sometimes only leakage) fault you can only hand it over to professional maintenance personnel for maintenance, its characteristics are usually caused by the protective shutdown. For irregular deviation color fault usually as long as the relevant electron gun visual power supply resistance and peripheral components repair welding can be done.
For the power supply resistance is broken damage caused by the fault phenomenon and contact pole for full screen back sweep wire and very bright color, but it will not lead to a protective shutdown, the solution is very simple – change the same resistance value of the new resistance! Of course, if the resistance value is increased, you also have to do new processing. In the wet season, we also need to take into account the picture tube seat tube oxidation for this reason, although the resulting color deviation fault is not much, but may encounter it.
In addition, there is easier to let people detour the cause of failure – screen dust caused by too much screen white when red! This kind of fault often happens in the monitor that color temperature slants warm (a lot of monitors can set color temperature by oneself), say so, encounter white (and similar color) slants red when the fault you had better be cleaned the first screen later undertake other checks, if the fault disappears, mean you won’t because of this and “unlucky” detour. Of course, too low brightness values on some models can also cause this “fault” phenomenon.
If all of the above methods are ineffective and the display is well over five years old, we can consider the color deviation of the display caused by the aging of the electron gun to be abnormal.
Some half professionals see the two faults as a tube in life, some of the maintenance personnel to see will say adjust the contrast and the focusing extremely potentiometer and accelerate the potentiometer on the ignition coil will be good, others say it’s caused by a hardware failure or graphics driver damage of graphics, these point of failure judgment is wrong.
The aging of the kinescope and the decline, in contrast, will not cause such failure phenomenon, as for the adjustment of the collector and the acceleration of the electrode potentiometer is not correct, this is palliative, and it is difficult to adjust to a satisfactory degree, the most troublesome is that the fault will soon return, even accelerate the aging of the kinescope.
Usually use more than 2 years of the color display will appear this kind of fault, the real cause of the fault is mostly caused by the picture tube seat moisture oxidation, as long as the replacement of the original new tube seat can be troubleshoot. But some say it would be gilding the gilt by using a small piece of sandpaper to polish the protruding end of the tube to remove the oxide. In the picture tube that the author has replaced the tube seat, some of them do have some oxides on the tube foot, but these oxides are missing from the original tube seat to the tube foot, which can be removed with a brush. Up to now, the author did not see the tube was oxidized, but due to excessive force and make the tube leakage and damage the picture tube is encountered a few cases, so we do not use sandpaper to burnish, so as not to appear “death” damage!
If the replacement of the tube seat is not effective will replace the FBT, but in this work, the author suggests you had better find professional personnel! In addition, some types of visual amplifier parts of the circuit are more special, sometimes after the fault will also cause the image blur. But at this time usually the brightness and line, field amplitude are also abnormal, for this kind of fault point the author recommends that you deliver professional personnel to deal with! If the color display is not a brand-name product and the use of a very long time, then the author suggests that you find a professional electrical maintenance department to replace the work of the tube seat, so as to avoid the occurrence of pipe neck leakage and other accidents after the responsibility!
1) the image is clear at the beginning of starting up, but the color of the display is abnormal as the use time is prolonged and the display becomes increasingly blurred;
2) the image occasionally becomes blurry in use, but it can return to normal soon. However, it becomes more serious and frequent after several days or months of use.
Some people think that this kind of fault is the problem of the line circuit of the monitor — it may be the poor thermal stability of the line tube, the reverse diode, reverse capacitor, and other components or the result of virtual welding. This is completely wrong because none of these components can affect the clarity of the image.
The real failure point of the type 1 fault phenomenon is usually due to the aging of the focusing knob of the FBT. You can try to replace an FBT first. Of course, if the monitor has been in use for more than six years, then we need to take into account the possibility of tube aging. In addition, it may be the tube seat of the picture tube and the large area of the negative copper foil leakage phenomenon caused by the displacer (after analysis like design problems), so sometimes into a maintenance dilemma after the replacement of a genuine tube seat try.
The type 2 fault phenomenon, is usually caused by the poor quality of the picture tube holder. You can solve the problem by replacing it with a new one.
A lot of people think this is the mains voltage of the mains electricity is the insufficient or unstable cause, some “master” can say even because of the lamps and lanterns that contains electronic ballast or electromechanical kind electric appliance brings color to show the interference of power source, somebody says the hardware fault that the video card produced is caused by. In fact, these views are wrong, because the display voltage requirements are not very strict – most of the current color display can be in the 100V ~ 240V power supply voltage under normal operation. As for other electrical appliances that will cause interference is even more impossible, after all, color display use is not mutual inductance stabilized voltage power supply, and other electrical appliances even if the interference will not be screen flicker!
The real fault causes of the first two kinds of faults are usually caused by the virtual welding of some components in the line circuit or the reduction of the +300V filter capacitance at the power supply. The latter possibility is not very high – only in a few models and its more serious loss of volume will cause the human eye to distinguish the flicker. In addition, the circuit of the visual amplifier power supply part of some models is special, and sometimes a component of this part may also cause this fault. Of course, if you set your monitor’s resolution and refresh rate too high or too low, you can set the resolution and refresh rate to the middle value.
There is also a video card or monitor driver there are bugs, so you should first update the driver to try. If the above treatment is not effective, you can focus on checking whether the accelerator voltage and high voltage generated by the FBT are normal, because sometimes these two abnormal voltages can also cause such a phenomenon.
The poor contact of the video card usually causes the failure of starting up and there is an alarm sound or the system is unstable resulting in a crash and other failures. The reason for the poor contact of the graphics card is that the gold finger of the graphics card is oxidized, dust, the quality of the graphics card is poor or the baffle of the case has a problem. For the golden finger oxidation caused by poor contact, can use an eraser to wipe the golden finger to solve; For dust caused by poor contact, general removal of dust can be solved; For the hardware quality caused by poor contact, usually through the replacement method to detect, generally replace the video card to solve; For the case baffle problem caused by poor contact, usually the video card can not be fully inserted into the video card slot, can be replaced by the case to eliminate.
Compatibility failure will usually cause the computer can not to start up and alarm sound, the system is not stable crash or screen abnormal miscellaneous phenomenon. Display card compatibility fault generally occurs in the computer just installed or upgrade, more in the motherboard and display card is not compatible or motherboard slot and display card gold finger can not completely contact. The video card compatibility fault usually USES the replacement method to detect, generally USES the replacement video card to troubleshoot the fault.
The failure of the components of the graphics card will usually cause the failure of the computer can not startup, the system is not stable crash, flower screen, and other fault phenomena. The damage of graphics components generally includes the damage of graphics chip, BIOS, memory, capacitance, or field-effect tube. For the damage and failure of graphics card components, it is generally necessary to carefully measure the signals in the graphics card circuit to judge the damaged components. After finding the damaged components, replace them.
Due to the graphics chip will produce a lot of heat when working, so need to have a better cooling condition, if the cooling fan damage will lead to graphics card overheating can not work normally. The overheat fault of the graphics card usually causes the system unstable crash, flower screen, and other fault phenomena. Video card overheating as long as the replacement of the cooling fan.
The failure of the graphics driver usually causes the system unstable crash, flower screen, text image graphics card is not complete, and other fault phenomena. The video driver’s fault mainly includes the loss of the video driver, the video driver is incompatible with the system, the video driver is damaged, and the video driver cannot be installed. For the video card, driver failure generally first enter the “device manager” to see whether there is a video card driver, if not, re-install. If so, but the graphics driver has a “!”, the video card driver is not installed, the driver version is not correct, the driver and the system are not compatible. Generally, remove the video card driver reinstall, if installed after there are “!”, you can download the new version of the driver installation. If you cannot install a graphics driver, there is usually a problem with the driver or with the registry.
CMOS setup failure is caused by the error of displaying related options in CMOS. Common CMOS setup failures mainly include: integrated graphics card motherboard, CMOS graphics card shielding options setting error; For example, the “AGP Driving Control” option is incorrectly set (usually “AUTO”), “AGP Aperture Size” option is incorrectly set, and “FAST Write Supported” option is incorrectly set.CMOS error is generally modified by loading the default BIOS value.
If the fault is serious, the maintenance requires that you must have certain hands-on ability and professional knowledge, so the author suggests that if you still have not been repaired after eliminating the simple cause of the fault, please deliver it to the electrical maintenance department for treatment. Sometimes some magnetic objects (such as some low power box or ADSL cat power supply, etc.) placed near the display will cause a certain Angle flicker on the screen, so when this phenomenon to try to clear the display around the objects to see, usually the problem can be solved.
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If the screen flickers, make sure the display settings in Windows match the native resolution and refresh rate for the display. Find the native resolution of a flat panel display on the box, in the specifications, or in the printed material that came with the display. Some common native resolutions are 800 x 600, 1024 x 768, 1920 x 1200, and 1680 x 1050. The most common refresh rate for LCD displays is 60 Hz. This normally cannot be changed for flat panel displays using Plug and Play settings. However, if you are using special video software to increase or decrease the refresh rate, change the refresh rate to match the default refresh rate specification of the display.
If your screen flickers in Windows 10, it is usually caused by incompatible apps or display drivers. To find out whether an app or driver is causing the problem, check to see if Task Manager flickers. Then, based on that information, you"ll need to either uninstall the app or update the display driver.
If you cannot select the native resolution after updating the video drivers, the graphics adapter in the computer might not support that resolution and might need to be upgraded.
Check the video cable connections. Unplug the cable and inspect the cable for damage. If the cable is damaged, replace it with a new cable. Try to use cables less than 3 meters (10 feet).
Check the environment around the display. Displays are sensitive to magnetic fields. Speakers, florescent lights, fans, cell phones, radios, and any other electrical device can cause flickering. Temporarily move electrical items away from the display to see if they is producing a field that causes the flicker.
To see if the video coming from the computer is causing the problem, temporarily connect the display to another computer, such as a notebook computer.
If the flicker is gone when the display is connected to another computer, the graphics adapter hardware on the first computer might need to be upgraded to use the display.
A thin-film-transistor liquid-crystal display (TFT LCD) is a variant of a liquid-crystal display that uses thin-film-transistor technologyactive matrix LCD, in contrast to passive matrix LCDs or simple, direct-driven (i.e. with segments directly connected to electronics outside the LCD) LCDs with a few segments.
In February 1957, John Wallmark of RCA filed a patent for a thin film MOSFET. Paul K. Weimer, also of RCA implemented Wallmark"s ideas and developed the thin-film transistor (TFT) in 1962, a type of MOSFET distinct from the standard bulk MOSFET. It was made with thin films of cadmium selenide and cadmium sulfide. The idea of a TFT-based liquid-crystal display (LCD) was conceived by Bernard Lechner of RCA Laboratories in 1968. In 1971, Lechner, F. J. Marlowe, E. O. Nester and J. Tults demonstrated a 2-by-18 matrix display driven by a hybrid circuit using the dynamic scattering mode of LCDs.T. Peter Brody, J. A. Asars and G. D. Dixon at Westinghouse Research Laboratories developed a CdSe (cadmium selenide) TFT, which they used to demonstrate the first CdSe thin-film-transistor liquid-crystal display (TFT LCD).active-matrix liquid-crystal display (AM LCD) using CdSe TFTs in 1974, and then Brody coined the term "active matrix" in 1975.high-resolution and high-quality electronic visual display devices use TFT-based active matrix displays.
The liquid crystal displays used in calculators and other devices with similarly simple displays have direct-driven image elements, and therefore a voltage can be easily applied across just one segment of these types of displays without interfering with the other segments. This would be impractical for a large display, because it would have a large number of (color) picture elements (pixels), and thus it would require millions of connections, both top and bottom for each one of the three colors (red, green and blue) of every pixel. To avoid this issue, the pixels are addressed in rows and columns, reducing the connection count from millions down to thousands. The column and row wires attach to transistor switches, one for each pixel. The one-way current passing characteristic of the transistor prevents the charge that is being applied to each pixel from being drained between refreshes to a display"s image. Each pixel is a small capacitor with a layer of insulating liquid crystal sandwiched between transparent conductive ITO layers.
The circuit layout process of a TFT-LCD is very similar to that of semiconductor products. However, rather than fabricating the transistors from silicon, that is formed into a crystalline silicon wafer, they are made from a thin film of amorphous silicon that is deposited on a glass panel. The silicon layer for TFT-LCDs is typically deposited using the PECVD process.
Polycrystalline silicon is sometimes used in displays requiring higher TFT performance. Examples include small high-resolution displays such as those found in projectors or viewfinders. Amorphous silicon-based TFTs are by far the most common, due to their lower production cost, whereas polycrystalline silicon TFTs are more costly and much more difficult to produce.
The twisted nematic display is one of the oldest and frequently cheapest kind of LCD display technologies available. TN displays benefit from fast pixel response times and less smearing than other LCD display technology, but suffer from poor color reproduction and limited viewing angles, especially in the vertical direction. Colors will shift, potentially to the point of completely inverting, when viewed at an angle that is not perpendicular to the display. Modern, high end consumer products have developed methods to overcome the technology"s shortcomings, such as RTC (Response Time Compensation / Overdrive) technologies. Modern TN displays can look significantly better than older TN displays from decades earlier, but overall TN has inferior viewing angles and poor color in comparison to other technology.
Most TN panels can represent colors using only six bits per RGB channel, or 18 bit in total, and are unable to display the 16.7 million color shades (24-bit truecolor) that are available using 24-bit color. Instead, these panels display interpolated 24-bit color using a dithering method that combines adjacent pixels to simulate the desired shade. They can also use a form of temporal dithering called Frame Rate Control (FRC), which cycles between different shades with each new frame to simulate an intermediate shade. Such 18 bit panels with dithering are sometimes advertised as having "16.2 million colors". These color simulation methods are noticeable to many people and highly bothersome to some.gamut (often referred to as a percentage of the NTSC 1953 color gamut) are also due to backlighting technology. It is not uncommon for older displays to range from 10% to 26% of the NTSC color gamut, whereas other kind of displays, utilizing more complicated CCFL or LED phosphor formulations or RGB LED backlights, may extend past 100% of the NTSC color gamut, a difference quite perceivable by the human eye.
The transmittance of a pixel of an LCD panel typically does not change linearly with the applied voltage,sRGB standard for computer monitors requires a specific nonlinear dependence of the amount of emitted light as a function of the RGB value.
In-plane switching was developed by Hitachi Ltd. in 1996 to improve on the poor viewing angle and the poor color reproduction of TN panels at that time.
Initial iterations of IPS technology were characterised by slow response time and a low contrast ratio but later revisions have made marked improvements to these shortcomings. Because of its wide viewing angle and accurate color reproduction (with almost no off-angle color shift), IPS is widely employed in high-end monitors aimed at professional graphic artists, although with the recent fall in price it has been seen in the mainstream market as well. IPS technology was sold to Panasonic by Hitachi.
Most panels also support true 8-bit per channel color. These improvements came at the cost of a higher response time, initially about 50 ms. IPS panels were also extremely expensive.
IPS has since been superseded by S-IPS (Super-IPS, Hitachi Ltd. in 1998), which has all the benefits of IPS technology with the addition of improved pixel refresh timing.
In 2004, Hydis Technologies Co., Ltd licensed its AFFS patent to Japan"s Hitachi Displays. Hitachi is using AFFS to manufacture high end panels in their product line. In 2006, Hydis also licensed its AFFS to Sanyo Epson Imaging Devices Corporation.
It achieved pixel response which was fast for its time, wide viewing angles, and high contrast at the cost of brightness and color reproduction.Response Time Compensation) technologies.
Less expensive PVA panels often use dithering and FRC, whereas super-PVA (S-PVA) panels all use at least 8 bits per color component and do not use color simulation methods.BRAVIA LCD TVs offer 10-bit and xvYCC color support, for example, the Bravia X4500 series. S-PVA also offers fast response times using modern RTC technologies.
When the field is on, the liquid crystal molecules start to tilt towards the center of the sub-pixels because of the electric field; as a result, a continuous pinwheel alignment (CPA) is formed; the azimuthal angle rotates 360 degrees continuously resulting in an excellent viewing angle. The ASV mode is also called CPA mode.
A technology developed by Samsung is Super PLS, which bears similarities to IPS panels, has wider viewing angles, better image quality, increased brightness, and lower production costs. PLS technology debuted in the PC display market with the release of the Samsung S27A850 and S24A850 monitors in September 2011.
TFT dual-transistor pixel or cell technology is a reflective-display technology for use in very-low-power-consumption applications such as electronic shelf labels (ESL), digital watches, or metering. DTP involves adding a secondary transistor gate in the single TFT cell to maintain the display of a pixel during a period of 1s without loss of image or without degrading the TFT transistors over time. By slowing the refresh rate of the standard frequency from 60 Hz to 1 Hz, DTP claims to increase the power efficiency by multiple orders of magnitude.
Due to the very high cost of building TFT factories, there are few major OEM panel vendors for large display panels. The glass panel suppliers are as follows:
External consumer display devices like a TFT LCD feature one or more analog VGA, DVI, HDMI, or DisplayPort interface, with many featuring a selection of these interfaces. Inside external display devices there is a controller board that will convert the video signal using color mapping and image scaling usually employing the discrete cosine transform (DCT) in order to convert any video source like CVBS, VGA, DVI, HDMI, etc. into digital RGB at the native resolution of the display panel. In a laptop the graphics chip will directly produce a signal suitable for connection to the built-in TFT display. A control mechanism for the backlight is usually included on the same controller board.
The low level interface of STN, DSTN, or TFT display panels use either single ended TTL 5 V signal for older displays or TTL 3.3 V for slightly newer displays that transmits the pixel clock, horizontal sync, vertical sync, digital red, digital green, digital blue in parallel. Some models (for example the AT070TN92) also feature input/display enable, horizontal scan direction and vertical scan direction signals.
New and large (>15") TFT displays often use LVDS signaling that transmits the same contents as the parallel interface (Hsync, Vsync, RGB) but will put control and RGB bits into a number of serial transmission lines synchronized to a clock whose rate is equal to the pixel rate. LVDS transmits seven bits per clock per data line, with six bits being data and one bit used to signal if the other six bits need to be inverted in order to maintain DC balance. Low-cost TFT displays often have three data lines and therefore only directly support 18 bits per pixel. Upscale displays have four or five data lines to support 24 bits per pixel (truecolor) or 30 bits per pixel respectively. Panel manufacturers are slowly replacing LVDS with Internal DisplayPort and Embedded DisplayPort, which allow sixfold reduction of the number of differential pairs.
Backlight intensity is usually controlled by varying a few volts DC, or generating a PWM signal, or adjusting a potentiometer or simply fixed. This in turn controls a high-voltage (1.3 kV) DC-AC inverter or a matrix of LEDs. The method to control the intensity of LED is to pulse them with PWM which can be source of harmonic flicker.
The bare display panel will only accept a digital video signal at the resolution determined by the panel pixel matrix designed at manufacture. Some screen panels will ignore the LSB bits of the color information to present a consistent interface (8 bit -> 6 bit/color x3).
With analogue signals like VGA, the display controller also needs to perform a high speed analog to digital conversion. With digital input signals like DVI or HDMI some simple reordering of the bits is needed before feeding it to the rescaler if the input resolution doesn"t match the display panel resolution.
The statements are applicable to Merck KGaA as well as its competitors JNC Corporation (formerly Chisso Corporation) and DIC (formerly Dainippon Ink & Chemicals). All three manufacturers have agreed not to introduce any acutely toxic or mutagenic liquid crystals to the market. They cover more than 90 percent of the global liquid crystal market. The remaining market share of liquid crystals, produced primarily in China, consists of older, patent-free substances from the three leading world producers and have already been tested for toxicity by them. As a result, they can also be considered non-toxic.
Kawamoto, H. (2012). "The Inventors of TFT Active-Matrix LCD Receive the 2011 IEEE Nishizawa Medal". Journal of Display Technology. 8 (1): 3–4. Bibcode:2012JDisT...8....3K. doi:10.1109/JDT.2011.2177740. ISSN 1551-319X.
Brody, T. Peter; Asars, J. A.; Dixon, G. D. (November 1973). "A 6 × 6 inch 20 lines-per-inch liquid-crystal display panel". 20 (11): 995–1001. Bibcode:1973ITED...20..995B. doi:10.1109/T-ED.1973.17780. ISSN 0018-9383.
Richard Ahrons (2012). "Industrial Research in Microcircuitry at RCA: The Early Years, 1953–1963". 12 (1). IEEE Annals of the History of Computing: 60–73. Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
K. H. Lee; H. Y. Kim; K. H. Park; S. J. Jang; I. C. Park & J. Y. Lee (June 2006). "A Novel Outdoor Readability of Portable TFT-LCD with AFFS Technology". SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers. AIP. 37 (1): 1079–82. doi:10.1889/1.2433159. S2CID 129569963.
Kim, Sae-Bom; Kim, Woong-Ki; Chounlamany, Vanseng; Seo, Jaehwan; Yoo, Jisu; Jo, Hun-Je; Jung, Jinho (15 August 2012). "Identification of multi-level toxicity of liquid crystal display wastewater toward Daphnia magna and Moina macrocopa". Journal of Hazardous Materials. Seoul, Korea; Laos, Lao. 227–228: 327–333. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.05.059. PMID 22677053.
There’re more than 300 procedures to produce TFT LCD. The most advanced LCD, in which the array and cell process are highly automatic. Technically, every step in the process can lead to defects, and most of the defects have been eliminated through the development of TFT LCD technology.
In the LC filling process, if the quantity of LC injected is not enough, the spare space will form bubbles. And loose LC containing sealant will result in LC leakage.
Point defect is a kind of defect that some point on your screen don’t display correctly. There are mainly three situations: the point keeps displaying black or whitewhen the screen is working or the point can only display a single color.
For the first two situations, that’s because the circuit on the TFT and CF controlling that defective pixel point is shorted or broken. While the third situation is caused by damaged color pixel.
The production of the circuit and color pixel is under micro scale, and the technology is similar to semiconductor technology. Hundreds of thousands micro materials will be printed during the production process, you can understand some of the materials not being printed correctly, which result in the point defect.
Unlike point defect, this larger scale defect is caused by the failure of external FPC or PCBA, or a bad connection between FPC and cell. Therefore, a bunch of pixels connected to these IC are out of control, and we see those defects.
Usually, assembly of cell and IC is under heat and should be positioned accurately. Problems with IC connection will be checked out very soon, followed by the adjustment on machine parameter.
In LCD, newton’s rings may occur on screen when two glass substrate haven’t been sealed well, so that one of the glass may form a convex lens and lead to light interference.
To avoid this problem, we have to pay attention to the gap distance parameter in sealing process. By the way, newton’s rings has became a method to exam the glass sealing process in reverse .
The black matrix on CF glass or a additional shield bar is used to avoid this problem. So if this problem occurs, we have to check the CF deposition process.
You may notice there are some screens have uneven display, which means some white area appears in dark picture or vice versa. We call this ‘mura’, a word originated from Japanese.
Mura is very common but it doesn’t affect the screen function severely, however it still bring bad look. Hence, many high end display manufacturers have their own standards of mura, and the displays without mura are of the best quality.
Among the causes listed, thickness of the whole cell is the most critical one, and there are many factors related to that. Researches provide a lot of advice to adjust the thickness of the whole cell:
Note: We do not own the images used in this post. Feel free to contact us if they belong to you, and we’ll take them down as quickly as we possibly can.
Troubleshooting CRTs versus LCDs begins with similar steps, but diverges due to the differing natures of the two display types. The first troubleshooting steps are similar for either display type: power down the system and display and then power them back up; make sure the power cable is connected and that the outlet has power; verify that the signal cable is connected firmly to both video adapter and display and that there are no bent pins; verify that the video adapter is configured properly for the display; try the problem display on a known-good system, or try a known-good display on the problem system; and so on. Once you"ve tried the "obvious" troubleshooting steps, if the problem persists, the next step you take depends on the type of display. The following sections cover basic troubleshooting for CRTs and LCDs.
CRTs seldom fail outright without obvious signs, such as a loud snap or a strong odor of burning electrical components. Most CRT problems are really problems with the power, video adapter, cable, or hardware/software settings. To eliminate the CRT as a possible cause, connect the suspect CRT to a known-good system, or connect a known-good display to the suspect system. It is worth noting, that older CRTs eventually wear out, and starts dimming. Common signs of a weak CRT are a dim picture, dysfunctional brightness and/or color controls, image smearing at high brightness, and in color CRTs, a tint towards a single color (Red Green Blue)
If the CRT is the problem, it is often not worth repairing. If the CRT is out of warranty, parts and labor may cost more than buying a new CRT, which also gives you better specs and a warranty. About the only CRTs we"d even consider repairing out-of-warranty are high-end 21" or larger models, and even there the economics are dubious.
Even if the CRT is in warranty, the shipping costs may exceed the value of the CRT. For example, shipping a CRT both ways can easily cost $75 or more. If that CRT is a year-old 17" model, you"re probably better off spending $100 to $200 for a new 17" or 19" CRT than paying $75 in shipping to have the old one repaired. CRTs have many components, all of which age together. Fixing one is no guarantee that another won"t fail shortly. In fact, that happens more often than not in our experience.
Never disassemble a CRT. At best, you may destroy the CRT. At worst, it may destroy you. Like televisions, CRTs use extremely high voltages internally, and have large capacitors that store that energy for days or even weeks after the CRT is unplugged. Robert once literally burned a screwdriver in half when working inside a color television that had been unplugged for several days. Also, the large, fragile tube may implode, scattering glass fragments like a hand grenade. People who repair CRTs and televisions for a living treat them with great respect, and so should you. If you must repair a CRT, take it to someone who knows what they are doing. You have been warned.
Check the obvious things first. Verify that the CRT is plugged in (and that the receptacle has power), the video cable is connected to the video card, the computer and CRT are turned on, and the brightness and contrast settings are set to the middle of their range. If none of these steps solves the problem, your CRT, video card, or video cable may be bad. Check the suspect CRT on a known-good system or a known-good CRT on the problem system.
CRTs contain multiple filaments, which can be broken, or gas may have leaked into the vacuum inside the CRT. CRTs damaged this way are unrepairable without specialist equipment. With the display open. check if all three filaments are glowing bright orange. Excessive redness or purple arcing signifies gas has leaked in. There may also be an internal short inside the CRT, which is also unfixable without specialist equipment.
If you have ACPI or APM power management enabled, it may be causing the problem. Some systems simply refuse to wake up once power management puts them to sleep. We have seen such systems survive a hardware reset without restoring power to the CRT. To verify this problem, turn off power to the system and CRT and then turn them back on. If the CRT then displays an image, check the power management settings in your BIOS and operating system and disable them if necessary.
The horizontal and/or vertical deflection system has failed. The CRT tube itself is fine, but the circuitry driving the tube has failed. Replace the display.
This is a hardware problem with one of the electron guns. Replace the CRT. This problem may also manifest as a strong color cast during normal operation that is not correctable using the normal color balance controls.
Catastrophic CRT failure is imminent. The noises are caused by high-voltage arcing, and the smell is caused by burning insulation. Unplug the CRT from the wall before it catches fire, literally.
There are two likely causes. First, you may be driving the CRT beyond its design limits. Some CRTs display a usable image at resolutions and/or refresh rates higher than they are designed to use, but under such abuse the expected life of the CRT is shortened dramatically, perhaps to minutes. To correct this problem, change video settings to values that are within the CRT"s design specifications. Second, the power receptacle may be supplying voltage lower than the CRT requires. To correct this problem, connect the CRT to a different circuit or to a UPS or power conditioner that supplies standard voltage regardless of input voltage.
This is usually a minor hardware problem. The most likely cause is that the signal cable is not connected tightly to the CRT and/or video card, causing some pins to make contact intermittently or not at all. Verify that no pins are loose, bent, or missing on the cable or the connectors on the CRT and video card, and then tighten the cable at both ends, If that doesn"t fix the problem, open the computer, remove the video card, and reseat it fully.
In elderly systems, another possible cause is that some hardware DVD decoder cards "steal" one color (usually magenta) and use it to map the DVD video signal onto the standard video signal. Remove the DVD decoder card. If your video adapter includes hardware DVD support, or if you are upgrading to such an adapter, you don"t need a DVD decoder card.
The most likely cause is that the CRT is receiving inadequate power. Connect it to a different circuit or to a backup power supply that provides correct voltage regardless of fluctuations in mains voltage.
The most likely cause is that the refresh rate is set too low. Change the refresh rate to at least 75 Hz. Flicker also results from interaction with fluorescent lights, which operate on 60 Hz AC and can heterodyne visually with the CRT. This can occur at 60 Hz (which is far too low a refresh rate anyway), but can also occur at 120 Hz. If you"re running at 120 Hz refresh and experience flicker, either use incandescent lighting or reset the refresh rate to something other than 120 Hz.
Most modern CRTs can display signals at many different scan frequencies, but this doesn"t mean that the CRT will necessarily automatically display different signals full-screen and properly aligned. Use the CRT controls to adjust the size and alignment of the image.
Depending on the CRT, video card, and video settings, this may be normal behavior, adjustable using the CRT controls. If the distortion is beyond the ability of the controls to correct, the problem may be with the video card, the CRT, or the driver. First try changing video settings. If the problem persists at several settings, move that CRT to a different system (or use a different video card) to determine whether the problem is caused by the CRT or video card. Repair or replace the faulty component.
This is usually caused by RF interference from another electrical or electronic device, particularly one that contains a motor. Make sure such devices are at least three feet from the CRT. Note that such interference can sometimes penetrate typical residential and office walls, so if the CRT is close to a wall, check the other side. Such image problems can also be caused by interference carried by the power line or by voltage variations in the AC power supply. To eliminate interference, plug the CRT into a surge protector. Better still, plug it into a UPS or power conditioner that supplies clean power at a constant voltage.
This problem may also be caused by using a video cable that is too long or of poor quality or by using a poor-quality KVM switch (keyboard/video/mouse switch). Manual KVM switches are particularly problematic.
The CRT may need to be degaussed. A CRT that sits in one position for months or years can be affected even by the earth"s very weak magnetic field, causing distortion and other display problems. Exposing a CRT to a strong magnetic field, such as unshielded speakers, can cause more extreme image problems. Many modern CRTs degauss themselves automatically each time you cycle the power, but some have a manual degauss button that you must remember to use. If your CRT has a manual degauss button, use it every month or two. The degaussing circuitry in some CRTs has limited power. We have seen CRTs that were accidentally exposed to strong magnetic fields, resulting in a badly distorted image. Built-in degaussing did little or nothing. In that case, you can sometimes fix the problem by using a separate degaussing coil, available at RadioShack and similar stores for a few dollars. We have, however, seen CRTs that were so badly "magnet burned" that even a standalone degaussing coil could not completely eliminate the problem. The moral is to keep magnets away from your CRT, including those in speakers that are not video-shielded.
An incorrect yoke may have been attached to the CRT. Unless you have a lot of spare time on your hands, this is usually not worth fixing. Replace the display.
If your LCD displays no image at all and you are certain that it is receiving power and video signal, first adjust the brightness and contrast settings to higher values. If that doesn"t work, turn off the system and LCD, disconnect the LCD signal cable from the computer, and turn on the LCD by itself. It should display some sort of initialization screen, if only perhaps a "No video signal" message. If nothing lights up and no message is displayed, contact technical support for your LCD manufacturer. If your LCD supports multiple inputs, you may need to press a button to cycle through the inputs and set it to the correct one.
Unlike CRTs, where increasing the refresh rate always reduces flicker, LCDs have an optimal refresh rate that may be lower than the highest refresh rate supported. For example, a 17" LCD operating in analog mode may support 60 Hz and 75 Hz refresh. Although it sounds counterintuitive to anyone whose experience has been with CRTs, reducing the refresh rate from 75 Hz to 60 Hz may improve image stability. Check the manual to determine the optimum refresh rate for your LCD, and set your video adapter to use that rate.
First, try setting the optimal refresh rate as described above. If that doesn"t solve the problem and you are using an analog interface, there are several possible causes, most of which are due to poor synchronization between the video adapter clock and the display clock, or to phase problems. If your LCD has an auto-adjust, auto-setup, or auto-synchronize option, try using that first. If not, try adjusting the phase and/or clock settings manually until you have a usable image. If you are using an extension or longer than standard video cable, try connecting the standard video cable that was supplied with the display. Long analog video cables exacerbate sync problems. Also, if you are using a KVM switch, particularly a manual model, try instead connecting the LCD directly to the video adapter. Many LCDs are difficult or impossible to synchronize if you use a KVM switch. If you are unable to achieve proper synchronization, try connecting the LCD to a different computer. If you are unable to achieve synchronization on the second computer, the LCD may be defective. Finally, note that some models of video adapter simply don"t function well with some models of LCD.
If the screen is displaying a full, stable image, but that image is of poor quality, first verify that the display is not connected through a KVM switch or using an extension cable. If so, connect the display directly to the video adapter using the standard cable. If that is already the case, adjust the brightness, contrast, and focus controls. If you are unable to get a proper image using these controls, the problem is most likely a clock or phase mismatch, which you can cure by taking the steps described in the preceding item.
The best way to adjust clock and phase is to use auto-adjust first. Check the utility and driver CD that came with the monitor. It may have a wizard or at least the appropriate background screens to use while adjusting phase and clock settings. If not, go to the Windows Start menu and select Shutdown. When the screen goes gray and the Windows Shutdown dialog appears, leave that dialog onscreen, but ignore it. Use the gray screen to adjust clock and phase manually. Any problems with clock and phase and any changes you make to the clock and phase settings are clearly evident on the gray screen.
Always adjust clock first. Clock is usually not a problem if you have used the auto-adjust feature of your monitor, but if you do have clock problems they will be evident as large vertical bars on your screen. Tweak the clock setting until those bars disappear. Then adjust phase. Phase problems are evident as thin black lines running horizontally across the screen. Adjust phase until the lines disappear or are minimized.
Not all analog video cards synchronize perfectly with flat panels. The gray Shutdown screen exaggerates the problem, so don"t worry if very tiny movements are visible after you"ve adjusted clock and phase as well as possible. After you"ve set the clock and phase controls for the best image possible on the gray screen, cancel Shutdown and the image should be optimized.
Your video card is supplying a video signal at a bandwidth that is above or below the ability of your LCD to display. Reset your video parameters to be within the range supported by the LCD. If necessary, temporarily connect a different display or start Windows in Safe Mode and choose standard VGA in order to change video settings.
This occurs when you run an LCD at other than its native resolution. For example, if you have a 19" LCD with native 1280x1024 resolution but have your display adapter set to 1024x768, your LCD attempts to display those 1024x768 pixels at full screen size, which physically corresponds to 1280x1024 pixels. The pixel extrapolation needed to fill the screen with the smaller image results in artifacts such as blocky or poorly rendered text, jaggy lines, and so on. Either set your video adapter to display the native resolution of the LCD, or set your LCD to display the lower-resolution image without stretching the display (a feature sometimes referred to as display expansion), so that pixels are displayed 1:1, which results in the lower resolution using less than the entire screen.
This is a characteristic of LCDs, particularly older and inexpensive models, caused by defective pixels. Manufacturers set a threshold number below which they consider a display acceptable. That number varies with the manufacturer, the model, and the size of the display, but is typically in the range of 5 to 10 pixels. (Better LCDs nowadays usually have zero dead pixels.) Nothing can be done to fix defective pixels. Manufacturers will not replace LCDs under warranty unless the number of defective pixels exceeds the threshold number.
Some people claim that leaving the unit powered off for a day or two will "erase" a persistent after-image. Others suggest leaving a neutral gray screen (like the one used for phase adjustment) up on the screen to "equalize" the display. I dunno. FWIW, I"ve seen this problem on older Samsung panels but never on the Sony or NEC/LaCie panels I use.
Again, this is a characteristic of LCDs, particularly older and inexpensive models. The after-image occurs when the display has had the same image in one place for a long time. The after-image may persist even after you turn the display off.
Transistor-based pixels in an LCD respond more slowly than the phosphors in a CRT. The least-expensive LCDs exhibit this problem even with slow image movement, as when you drag a window. Better LCDs handle moderately fast image movement without ghosting, but exhibit the problem on fast-motion video. The best LCDs handle even fast-motion video and 3D gaming very well. The only solution to this problem is to upgrade to an LCD with faster response time.
Use the brightness control to increase image brightness. If you have set brightness to maximum and the image is still too dim, contact the display manufacturer. The CCRTs used to backlight the screen have a finite lifetime and may begin to dim as they near the end of their life.
If one or more horizontal and/or vertical lines appear on the display, first power-reset the computer and display. If the lines persist, run the auto-setup function of your display. If that does not solve the problem, power the system and display down, remove the video cable, and verify that the video plugs and jacks on both computer and display ends do not have broken or bent pins. Even if all appears correct, try a different video cable. If the problem persists, contact the display manufacturer.
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