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The same year, Apple launched the iPhone 7 Plus, which featured a dual-lens system, had no headphone jack, and was the first officially waterproof iPhone.
Below, we'll discuss the three most important aspects of HDR content: the peak brightness, the color gamut, and the gradient handling.
Google launched several Nexus phones such as the Nexus 5X and Nexus 6P, which would be followed by the first-ever phone designed completely by Google — the Google Pixel. It was lauded for its best-in-class camera and came with the bonus of unlimited cloud storage.
Then in 2002, innovation came in the form of the Sanyo SCP-5300, a phone which allowed photos to be seen on the screen, rather than having to plug the device into a computer. This groundbreaking phone also featured dual color displays and a camera with flash.
So how did we get here? How did we go from a can on a string to having the whole world in the palm of our hand? When did cell phones come out and what was the first cell phone?
We're still in 2020, so it's very hard to say which phones will leave the biggest mark this year, but what we can say for certain is that 5G phones are taking over.
IsHDRbetter than HD
And again, the phone kept getting smaller and more capable, with Nokia and Motorola dominating markets across the world.
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By the turn of the millennium, phones had become even smaller and lighter. It was in the year 2000 that the Nokia 3310 was launched. As well as becoming one of the most iconic phones of all time, it remains one of the biggest-selling cell phones to this day.
One of the biggest advances in TV technology in recent years is the development of High Dynamic Range (HDR) video formats. It enhances the picture quality in movies and shows by displaying a wider range of colors with brighter highlights compared to Standard Dynamic Range (SDR) content. However, even if a TV accepts an HDR signal, it doesn't mean that content automatically looks good, as the TV needs to display the image properly.
HDR (High Dynamic Range), as the name suggests, introduces a wider range of colors and brightness levels compared to SDR (Standard Dynamic Range) signals. HDR signals send metadata to your TV, which is a list of instructions for the TV to display content properly. The source tells the TV what exact color to display at which exact brightness level, whereas SDR is limited to a range of brightness and colors. For example, with SDR, a car would be ordered to apply "full throttle" or "50% throttle." Instead, the HDR car would be asked to "go to 120 mph" and "go to 40 mph." Some vehicles would provide a worse experience than others working towards this task, and most might not even succeed. In the case of TVs, SDR is a specific set power, while HDR is a set goal.
HDRTV 4K
Nokia’s 5210 was the first cell phone to feature a splash-proof case and it was one of the more popular models in those days.

If you see that the content you're watching is in SDR and want to change to HDR, first make sure the content is available in HDR before trying to switch. Check your TV's settings regarding the HDMI signal format or bandwidth (the exact name varies per brand), and make sure your TV is set to the highest signal format possible because HDR requires more bandwidth. If you're playing video games, you likely have to check the system or game settings to enable HDR. Of course, if your content doesn't support HDR, there's nothing you can do, and you're stuck in SDR.
Motorola wasn't the only company innovating this year; Nokia also released a device with a groundbreaking feature. The Nokia 7110 was the first cell phone to feature a WAP browser that allowed the user to browse the internet.
There are different types of HDR signals that can be sent, and they're either with static or dynamic metadata. Dynamic metadata changes on a scene-per-scene basis, while static metadata remains the same for the whole length of the movie or show you're watching. It means that if content uses dynamic metadata, it can lower its peak brightness for a darker scene and increase its brightness for a brighter scene to make highlights pop, so it has a clear advantage. With content that uses static metadata, the brightness remains the same throughout, meaning some scenes can be over-brightened or not dark enough.
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In 1987, Nokia launched its first mobile phone, the Mobira Cityman 900. The phone weighed only 800g (28 oz) including the battery, and was considered expensive and exclusive to those of a higher status.
Folding display phones are still in their infancy, but it seems that manufacturers are definitely invested in making them mainstream. Companies such as Samsung, Motorola, and Huawei are gearing up to release the second generation of folding phones, but even the ones revealed so far, such as the Samsung Galaxy Flip Z 5G, have shown to be pretty impressive.
A TV's color gamut defines the range of colors it displays. There are two common color spaces used for HDR content: the DCI-P3 color space that's used in most HDR content and the Rec. 2020 color space that's slowly being included with more content. The difference between the two spaces is simply the number of colors each space covers, as Rec. 2020 is wider. Both of these cover a wider range of colors than in SDR. A TV needs to display a wide color gamut, as doing so helps improve the picture quality.
And since this year is far from over, we're sure to get a few more surprises by the end of it, but for now, this is where we are at.

Again, Motorola made another leap forward by bringing us the Motorola Timeport, the first phone with the ability to work around the world.
HDR video is about recreating image realism from camera through postproduction to distribution and display.
Other flagship devices were released this year (including the Honor 10 and OnePlus 6) but perhaps the most innovative was the Vivo X20 Plus UD, which was the first smartphone to incorporate an in-screen fingerprint sensor.
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What does HDRmean on TV
The first portable cell phone was invented in 1973 by Motorola. On April 3, 1973, Motorola engineer Martin Cooper made the first-ever cell phone call on the DynaTAC 8000X. The prototype he used weighed 2.4 lb (1.1 kg) and measured 9.1 x 5.1 x 1.8 in (23 x 13 x 4.5 cm). This clunky device offered a talk time of just 30 minutes and required 10 hours to recharge. Before this, owning a car phone was the closest that one could get to not being tied to a landline.
If you look at the images above, you can see how there's much more banding in the orange sky on an 8-bit image versus a 10-bit image on the same TV. It's because 8-bit color depth has less information, meaning it can't properly display those minor color changes. Most modern TVs have good enough gradient handling, but there are a few where the banding is obvious. Below, you can see two examples of what good and bad gradient handling looks like on our gradient test pattern. There's clear banding on the right, especially in darker shades.
HDRTV Samsung
The crown for the first camera phone is somewhat contested. Although some claim that it was the Sharp J-SH04, it was in fact another Japanese phone that launched a year prior — the Kyocera VP-210 VisualPhone. It featured a front-facing camera and only had enough memory to store 20 photos. If you want to learn more about camera phones and the timeline of cameras in general, check out our post about the history of photography.
Nokia also surprised the world with a remake of their iconic 3310, which shared the same design language of the original yet had modern features such as a camera and Bluetooth.
A year later, in 2015, they launched the Samsung Galaxy S6 Edge, the first phone with curved display edges that allowed additional functionality.
The first Bluetooth cell phone was the Ericsson T39, after which other manufacturers started introducing this technology as well.
Motorola focused on adding security features and had released the Motorola Atrix, the first phone to feature a fingerprint sensor.
The first smartphone was introduced much sooner than a lot of people imagine. Released in 1994, IBM’s Simon was the first device to feature apps and a touchscreen, thus it is considered the world’s first smartphone.
Peak brightness is probably one of the most important aspects of HDR. This is where high-end TVs have the biggest advantage, as HDR content makes use of their higher brightness capabilities to show lifelike highlights. If a TV has limited HDR peak brightness, it can't properly display all the highlights the content is supposed to show.
The first phone containing all of these features was the Nokia 8310, and it didn’t come cheap. When it launched in 2001, the cell phone came at a cost of $500.
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The first release of the Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard was commercially deployed in Norway and Sweden in 2009 and has since become common throughout most parts of the world.
Over the years that followed, other manufacturers began to release their own camera phones, which improved in both megapixel count and storage size.
So, after all this, when do you know if you're watching content in HDR or SDR? The simple answer is to know which type of content you're watching and look for any symbols that pop up. If you're streaming content from Netflix, you'll see a symbol to tell you which HDR format it's in, like HDR10 or Dolby Vision. Another way is to look at the TV settings menu and see if there's an HDR symbol in the picture settings.
Gradient handling is a bit more technical than the peak brightness and color gamut. It defines how well a TV displays colors at different shades, and this is important for scenes with a sky or sunset. If your TV has good gradient handling, that means that the sky transitions between the different colors well, but if the TV has bad gradient handling, you'll see banding that can be distracting. Gradient handling is important for watching HDR content because HDR requires 10-bit color depth, and while most modern TVs can display a 10-bit signal, not all of them do it well. Color depth is the amount of information used to display a certain color, so a higher color depth holds more information. It's also why HDR content uses 10-bit color, while SDR has 8-bit color depth. Keep in mind that not all TVs that accept 10-bit signals have a 10-bit panel, as some use 8-bit panels with dithering to help display a 10-bit signal, but it doesn't affect the overall picture quality much.
The first QWERTY cell phone was the Nokia Communicator 9000 released in 1996. Besides having a keyboard, the Communicator 9000 also introduced many business-related features such as email, web browsing, fax, word processing, and spreadsheets.
Not content to let Motorola and Nokia take all the glory in 1999, Samsung came out with a revolutionary phone of their own — the Samsung SPH-M100 Uproar. It combined the features of a cell phone with those of an MP3 player, thus providing the user with the option of playing music. The phone even had a dedicated centrally-located play/pause button.
A worthy mention must also go to the Red Hydrogen One, which had the ability to make “holographic” videos and photos, yet ultimately proved to be a flop.
OLED stands for Organic LED. They work by using an organic compound that will emit light of different colors based on the current applied to it.
The first waterproof phone popped up in 2005. This was the Casio G'zOne, which could sustain being submerged up to 1-meter depth.
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In 2016, Sony launched the Xperia XZ, the first phone to feature an HDR display, and Motorola launched the Moto Z, a phone with magnetic accessories providing additional functionalities.
What does HDR doin camera
Cell phones became popular during the cellular revolution that started in the 90s. In 1990, the number of mobile users was around 11 million; by 2020, that number had risen to a whopping 2.5 billion.
HDR is a video signal that improves the overall picture quality by introducing brighter highlights and a wider range of colors compared to older movies that are in SDR. The peak brightness, color gamut, and color bit depth are all important to deliver an excellent HDR experience. HDR uses dynamic metadata to change the information it sends to the TV on a scene-per-scene basis so that the TV properly displays content at its correct brightness level. Every modern 4k TV supports HDR, but just because it supports the metadata doesn't mean HDR content looks good, as you need a bright TV with good contrast and a wide color gamut to deliver good HDR picture quality.
The camera game also got a level-up with Nokia introducing the 7610, their first smartphone with a 1-megapixel camera. They also introduced the first true global roaming phone, the Nokia 6630.
In 2013, Apple dropped the iPhone 5S (their first phone with a fingerprint sensor), LG launched the G2, and Sony launched the Xperia Z.
Regardless, between static and dynamic HDR metadata, both get brighter than in SDR, which is one of the main advantages of watching HDR content over SDR. Both HDR and SDR are mastered at a certain peak brightness, but HDR is mastered at a minimum of 400 nits, while SDR is mastered at 100 nits. Because every TV hits 100 nits without issue, it's only brighter TVs that can take full advantage of the increased peak brightness in HDR.
After many similar brick-style cell phones, Motorola innovated again by bringing the "flip" design to the market. Before Motorola’s MicroTAC model, most cell phones were bulky and usually installed in cars due to their size.
This same year, Turing Space Industries launched the Hubble Phone — a cell phone inspired by the Hubble Space Telescope. The phone boasts, amongst other features, a built-in 15x optical zoom camera.
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2020 has also been marked by improvements in battery life and charging speeds. More and more phones now feature fast charging, which is sure to further improve in the upcoming years.
What does HDR dofor gaming
The first phone to come with the free Google Maps Navigator installed was the Motorola Droid which was also released that same year.
OnePlus, on the other hand, has taken a slightly different route and instead of creating a folding phone, they've launched their mid-ranger, the OnePlus Nord, in the first-ever AR launch which has proven to be a genius marketing strategy.
And Apple is also gearing up to join the AR game. It seems that the tech giant will be adding a LiDAR sensor to the iPhone 12, which will allow it to accurately measure depth and drastically improve performance in AR apps.
Perhaps of more importance to Apple fans, they also released the higher-end iPhone X, a smartphone that replaced the fingerprint sensor (Touch ID) with face unlock functionality (Face ID).
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Of course, during this time, we have seen the famous “brick” phones evolve to something much more impressive… but let’s see how exactly they evolved.
Although HDR was primarily designed for movies, it's made its way into video games. While you won't get the same fantastic HDR picture quality in games as in movies because games aren't mastered the same way as movies for the highest brightness possible, HDR games still deliver a better viewing experience than SDR games. Modern TVs are designed to have low input lag in HDR Game Mode, so you get the same responsive feel as if you were playing SDR games. However, there are some limitations with HDR gaming, as some TVs can't display 4k @ 120Hz signals in Dolby Vision from the Xbox Series X, so you're limited to 60 fps in that case.
As we moved into the 90s, phone bodies became smaller and the antennas thinner. In 1992, the next big innovation came in the form of the Nokia 1011, which was the first mass-produced GSM (2G) phone.
That same year, the first-ever text message was also sent. It was sent by a developer to the company director at Vodafone’s office Christmas party. The text message simply said: “Merry Christmas!”
ZTE launched Axon M, a dual-screen smartphone that was definitely before its time. It even offered the possibility to use multiple apps simultaneously, which was revolutionary at the time.
In 2019, the fifth-generation network was launched, and so were the first 5G phones. The next-generation network came with some bizarre controversies, which we covered here on our blog.
The color volume is the range of colors a TV displays at different luminance levels. So this is where the peak brightness and contrast help the TV, as a higher peak brightness helps it show bright shades, while a higher contrast is important if it needs to display darker colors.
The two most common dynamic metadata formats, Dolby Vision and HDR10+, each use dynamic metadata, while HDR10 is a static format that forms the basis of HDR signals. Despite the name similarities, HDR10 and HDR10+ are different formats. Some TVs support the two dynamic formats, HDR10+ and Dolby Vision, while others support one but not the other. While thinking about which format your TV supports is usually an afterthought, it's important to consider depending on which content you watch. For example, if you constantly stream content from Netflix in Dolby Vision and get a TV that only supports HDR10+, you won't be watching content to its full capabilities. The format doesn't affect the overall picture quality, but it limits you on which HDR content you can watch if your TV doesn't support the format.
2018 brought us the first triple camera smartphone, the Huawei P20 Pro, which had one 40 MP lens, one 20 MP lens, and one 8 MP lens.
The first Siemens mobile phone was the Siemens Mobiltelefon C1, which came in the form of a suitcase. Yes, you read that right. People had a cell phone that was actually a suitcase. After that, some more compact phones followed.
In addition to folding phones and augmented reality additions, we're seeing a rise in the popularity of gaming phones. The two that seem to be standing out in this category are the Lenovo Legion Duel and the Asus ROG Phone III.
In 2014, the OnePlus One was launched, followed by some innovation by Korean giants Samsung and LG. LG launched the G3, the first flagship with a QHD screen, while Samsung launched the Galaxy S5, the first smartphone to feature a heart rate monitor.
Above, you can see two graphs of the Rec. 709 color space used in SDR content and the Rec. 2020 color space used in HDR. Rec. 2020 requires a lot more colors, which helps make images appear more life-like. Most modern TVs don't have any problems displaying all the colors necessary for SDR, but coverage of the wider color spaces can be a struggle for some TVs.
Another big event that year was the launch of the third-generation mobile network. It’s worth mentioning that custom ringtones were also released that same year, thus becoming the first downloadable content available for cell phones.
A year later, Samsung came out with the Galaxy S3, a phone with a personal voice assistant of their own, as well as novel features such as eye-tracking.
2019 was also marked by launches of the Galaxy S10, Huawei P30 Pro, OnePlus 7 Pro, Samsung Galaxy Fold, and Huawei Mate X, but also the Xiaomi Mi Note 10, which was the first smartphone to feature a 108 MP camera.
Sony Ericsson went after the mobile gaming market and created the Sony Ericsson Xperia Play, a game-console-like phone focused on the gaming experience.
When comparing metadata in HDR versus SDR, it's important to remember that HDR content is sent with a specific set of instructions for how the TV should display it, while SDR content uses the TV's processing to control more of the image. This is why not all TVs can display HDR content how it should look like.
You can see an example above of what an HDR image looks like compared to an SDR image on the same TV. The HDR image appears more life-like, and you can see more details in darker areas, like in the shadows of the cars. Having a TV with HDR support doesn't necessarily mean HDR content will look good, as you still need a TV that can display the wide range of colors and brightness required for good HDR performance.
A year later, the first Android phone, the HTC Dream, was also launched. The introduction of the Android operating system was criticized due to its lack of functionality and third-party software, but was, nevertheless, considered innovative due to its notifications system and integration with Google's services.
One of the biggest events in cell phone history took place in 2007. The first iPhone, known as iPhone 2G, was launched and blew everyone away due to the removal of most physical hardware buttons in favor of a touch-based interface.
In 2017, the Asus Zenfone AR launched as the first phone with 8GB of RAM, and LG upped the display game by releasing the LG G6 smartphone featuring Dolby Vision.
Although this early smartphone never took off, “regular” cell phones continued to gain popularity while becoming more compact and varied in design. There were more flip phones, slider phones were introduced, and then Motorola innovated yet again.
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Many other pioneering features came to market in 2010. Nexus S, the first Android smartphone with NFC launched, Moto Defy was released as the first water-resistant Android smartphone, and Samsung launched both the Samsung Note and 8-megapixel Galaxy II.
Above, you can see what HDR looks like on a high-end TV like the Samsung QN90A QLED versus an entry-level TV like the TCL 4 Series/S446 2021 QLED. The Samsung has incredible contrast and high peak brightness, so it really makes the image pop, and you get a sense of how bright the hallway is. However, the TCL has low HDR peak brightness and low contrast, so it can't properly distinguish the bright and dark areas of the screen and doesn't even look like the lights are turned on. HDR is all about delivering a more impactful and vivid image, and the QN90A does exactly that.
Join us as we take a journey through cell phone history and learn all about the evolution of this essential device, or use the Versus phone comparison tool to compare some of these and many other phones.
In 2010, Samsung launched its new flagship — the Samsung Galaxy S. At the time, it was the thinnest smartphone at 9.9mm and had the fastest graphical processing.
Motorola launched the Razr, which was, at the time, the thinnest phone at only 7.1 mm, and Apple launched the iPhone 4S featuring Siri, the first personal digital voice assistant on a smartphone.
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The following years saw further innovation.. Apple released the iPhone 4, which introduced the Retina display as well as FaceTime. It was also the first iPhone to have a front-facing camera.
Having a high contrast ratio and a good local dimming feature is also important for delivering a good HDR experience because the TV can show bright and dark highlights without losing details. However, the contrast is independent of HDR, and you can still have deep blacks with SDR content.
Around that same time, the innovative Nokia Lumia 920 (which ran on the now-forgotten Windows Phone OS) launched. This phone introduced a highly sensitive capacitive screen and wireless inductive charging and was the first to feature optical image stabilization (OIS).
A year later, in 1988, Samsung developed its first “handphone" — The SH-100. It was officially the first mobile phone to be designed and manufactured in Korea.
Samsung took the “safe route” and came out with the Galaxy Note 8, Google launched Pixel 2, LG the V30, and Apple came out with the first wireless charging iPhone — the iPhone 8.
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